Bland–Altman plot

2014-01-10T23:12:21Z

197.197.53.183: /* Agreement vs correlation */

{{Starbox begin
| name=Gamma Herculis
}}
{{Starbox image
| image =
<div style="position: relative">[[File:Hercules IAU.svg|250px|alt=Diagram showing star positions and boundaries of the Hercules constellation and its surroundings]]
<div style="position: absolute; left: 74.8%; top: 56.8%;">[[File:Cercle rouge 100%.svg|12px]]</div>
</div>
| caption=Location of γ Herculis (circled)
}}
{{Starbox observe
| epoch = J2000
| ra = {{RA|16|21|55.21440}}<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| dec = {{DEC|+19|09|11.2618}}<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| appmag_v = +3.75<ref name=aass34_1/>
| constell = [[Hercules (constellation)|Hercules]]
}}
{{Starbox character
| class = A9 III<ref name=simbad/>
| b-v = +0.27<ref name=aass34_1/>
| u-b = +0.18<ref name=aass34_1/>
| variable = Semi-regular pulsating<ref name=simbad/>
}}
{{Starbox astrometry
| radial_v = –35.3<ref name=gcsrv/>
| prop_mo_ra = –47.39<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| prop_mo_dec = +43.81<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| parallax = 16.93
| p_error = 0.22
| parallax_footnote = <ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| absmag_v =
}}
{{Starbox detail
| mass =
| radius = 6<ref name=lang2006/>
| metal_fe =
| gravity = 3.3<ref name=aj135_1_209/>
| age_myr =
| luminosity =
| temperature = 7,031<ref name=aj135_1_209/>
| rotational_velocity = 135<ref name=csrv/>
}}
{{Starbox catalog
| names = [[Bonner Durchmusterung|BD]]+19 3086, [[Henry Draper catalogue|HD]] 147547, [[Hipparcos catalogue|HIP]] 80170, [[Harvard Revised catalogue|HR]] 6095, [[Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory|SAO]] 102107.<ref name=simbad/>
}}
{{Starbox end}}

'''Gamma Herculis''' (γ Herculis, γ Her) is a [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] 3.74 [[binary star]] system in the northern [[constellation]] of [[Hercules (constellation)|Hercules]].<ref name=simbad/>

==Properties==
This is known to be a [[spectroscopic binary]] system,<ref name=aj122_6_3466/> although there is no information about the secondary component.<ref name=kaler/> Based upon [[parallax]] measurements, this system is located at a distance of about {{Convert|193|ly|pc|abbr=off|lk=on}} from the [[Earth]].<ref name=aaa474_2_653/> The [[spectrum]] of the primary star matches a [[stellar classification]] of A9III, which indicates this is a [[giant star]] that has exhausted the hydrogen at its core and [[stellar evolution|evolved]] away from the [[main sequence]]. The [[effective temperature]] is about 7,031 K,<ref name=aj135_1_209/> giving the star a white hue characteristic of [[A-type star]]s.<ref name=csiro/> It is rotating rapidly with a [[stellar rotation|projected rotational velocity]] of {{nowrap|135 km s<sup>–1</sup>}}.<ref name=csrv/> The [[interferometry]]-measured [[angular diameter]] of this star is {{nowrap|0.95 ± 0.04 [[milliarcseconds|mas]]}},<ref name=aaa431_773/> which, at its estimated distance, equates to a physical radius of about six times the [[Solar radius|radius of the Sun]].<ref name=lang2006/>

Observations by German astronomer [[Ernst Zinner]] in 1929 gave indications that this may be a [[variable star]]. It was listed in the ''[[New Catalogue of Suspected Variable Stars]]'' (1981) with a magnitude range of 3.74 to 3.81. Further observations up to 1991 showed a pattern of small, slow variations with a magnitude variation of 0.05. These appeared to repeat semi-regularly with a period of 183.6 days, although the spectroscopic data presented a longer period of 165.9 days.<ref name=caosp21_7/>

==Name==
It was a member of indigenous Arabic [[Asterism (astronomy)|asterism]] '''al-Nasaq al-Sha'āmī''', "the Northern Line" of ''al-Nasaqān'' "the Two Lines",<ref name=kunitzsch2006/> along with [[Beta Herculis|β Her]] (Kornephoros), [[Gamma Serpentis|γ Ser]] (Zheng, Ching) and [[Beta Serpentis|β Ser]] (Chow).<ref name=allen1963/>

According to the catalogue of stars in the ''Technical Memorandum 33-507 - A Reduced Star Catalog Containing 537 Named Stars'', ''al-Nasaq al-Sha'āmī'' or '''Nasak Shamiya''' were the title for three stars :[[Beta Serpentis|β Ser]] as ''Nasak Shamiya I'', [[Gamma Serpentis|γ Ser]] as ''Nasak Shamiya II'', γ Her as ''Nasak Shamiya III'' (exclude [[Beta Herculis|β Her]])<ref>[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19720005197_1972005197.pdf Jack W. Rhoads - ''Technical Memorandum 33-507-A Reduced Star Catalog Containing 537 Named Stars'', Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; November 15, 1971]</ref>

In [[Chinese language|Chinese]], {{lang|zh|天市右垣}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Tiān Shì Yòu Yuán}}), meaning ''[[Heavenly Market enclosure|Right Wall of Heavenly Market Enclosure]]'', refers to an asterism which is represent eleven old states in China which is marking the right borderline of the enclosure, consisting of γ Herculis, [[Beta Herculis|β Herculis]], [[Kappa Herculis|κ Herculis]], [[Gamma Serpentis|γ Serpentis]], [[Beta Serpentis|β Serpentis]], [[Delta Serpentis|δ Serpentis]], [[Alpha Serpentis|α Serpentis]], [[Epsilon Serpentis|ε Serpentis]], [[Delta Ophiuchi|δ Ophiuchi]], [[Epsilon Ophiuchi|ε Ophiuchi]] and [[Zeta Ophiuchi|ζ Ophiuchi]].<ref>{{zh icon}} ''中國星座神話'', written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, ISBN 978-986-7332-25-7.</ref> Consequently, γ Herculis itself is known as {{lang|zh|天市右垣二}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Tiān Shì Zuǒ Yòu èr}}, {{lang-en|the Second Star of Right Wall of Heavenly Market Enclosure}}), represent ''Héjiān'' (河間), possibly '''Hejian''' states (located in roughly modern [[Cangzhou]], [[Hebei]]) or '''Hejian Commandery''' (located in roughly modern [[Baoding]], [[Hebei]]), (see : [[Sima Yong]], the Prince of Hejian 河間王 and [[Liu Wuzhou]]).<ref name=sb1>{{zh icon}} [http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/2006/0606/ap060624.html AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 6 月 24 日]</ref><ref>{{zh icon}} [http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/e_research_chinengstarzone_b.htm#HeavenlyMarketEnclosure English-Chinese Glossary of Chinese Star Regions, Asterisms and Star Name], Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.</ref> ''Héjiān'' (河間) was westernized into '''Ho Keen''' by R.H. Allen, which was the meaning "between the river".<ref>[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Hercules*.html Star Names - R.H.Allen p. 244]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name=aaa474_2_653>{{cite journal | first=F. | last=van Leeuwen |date=November 2007 | title=Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=474 | issue=2 | pages=653–664 | bibcode=2007A&A...474..653V | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 |arxiv = 0708.1752 }}</ref>

<ref name=simbad>{{cite web | title=V* gam Her -- Semi-regular pulsating Star | work=SIMBAD Astronomical Database | publisher=Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg | url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=Gamma+Herculis | accessdate=2010-06-23 }}</ref>

<ref name=aj135_1_209>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Massarotti | first1=Alessandro | last2=Latham | first2=David W. | last3=Stefanik | first3=Robert P. | last4=Fogel | first4=Jeffrey | title=Rotational and Radial Velocities for a Sample of 761 HIPPARCOS Giants and the Role of Binarity | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=135 | issue=1 | pages=209–231 |date=January 2008 | doi=10.1088/0004-6256/135/1/209 | bibcode=2008AJ....135..209M }}</ref>

<ref name=gcsrv>{{cite book | last=Wilson | first=Ralph Elmer | year=1953 | title=General Catalogue of Stellar Radial Velocities | publisher=Carnegie Institution of Washington | location=Washington | bibcode=1953QB901.W495..... }}</ref>

<ref name=csrv>{{cite journal | last1=Bernacca | first1=P. L. | last2=Perinotto | first2=M. | title=A catalogue of stellar rotational velocities | journal=Contributi Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova in Asiago | volume=239 | issue=1 | year=1970 | bibcode=1970CoAsi.239....1B }}</ref>

<ref name=kunitzsch2006>{{cite book | last1=Kunitzsch | first1=P. | last2=Smart | first2=T. | year=2006 | title=A Dictionary of Modern Star names: A Short Guide to 254 Star names and Their Derivations | edition=Second Revised | publisher=Sky Publishing | location=Cambridge, MA | isbn=1-931559-44-9 | page=31}}</ref>

<ref name=allen1963>{{cite book | last=Allen | first=R. H. | year=1963 | authorlink=Richard Hinckley Allen | title=Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning | url=http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Hercules*.html | accessdate=2010-12-12 | edition=Reprint | publisher=Dover Publications Inc | location=New York, NY | isbn=0-486-21079-0 | page=243 }}</ref>

<ref name=aass34_1>{{cite journal | last1=Nicolet | first1=B. | year=1978 | title=Photoelectric photometric Catalogue of homogeneous measurements in the UBV System | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series | volume=34 | pages=1–49 | bibcode=1978A&AS...34....1N }}</ref>

<ref name=caosp21_7>{{citation | last1=Bakos | first1=G. A. | last2=Tremko | first2=J. | title=Photometry and spectroscopy of Gamma Herculis | journal=Contributions of the Astronomical Observatory Skalnate Pleso | volume=21 | pages=7–14 | year=1991 | bibcode=1991CoSka..21....7B }}</ref>

<ref name=aaa431_773>{{citation | last1=Richichi | pages=A. | last2=Percheron | first2=I. | last3=Khristoforova | first3=M. | title=CHARM2: An updated Catalog of High Angular Resolution Measurements | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=431 | pages=773–777 |date=February 2005 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20042039 | bibcode=2005A&A...431..773R }}</ref>

<ref name=lang2006>{{citation | first1=Kenneth R. | last1=Lang | title=Astrophysical formulae | volume=1 | series=Astronomy and astrophysics library | edition=3 | publisher=Birkhäuser | year=2006 | isbn=3-540-29692-1 | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OvTjLcQ4MCQC&pg=PA41 }}. The radius (R<sub>*</sub>) is given by:
:<math>\begin{align} 2\cdot R_*
& = \frac{(10^{-3}\cdot 59.1\cdot 0.95)\ \text{AU}}{0.0046491\ \text{AU}/R_{\bigodot}} \\
& \approx 12.0\cdot R_{\bigodot}
\end{align}</math></ref>

<ref name=aj122_6_3466>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Mason | first1=Brian D. | last2=Wycoff | first2=Gary L. | last3=Hartkopf | first3=William I. | last4=Douglass | first4=Geoffrey G. | last5=Worley | first5=Charles E. | title=The 2001 US Naval Observatory Double Star CD-ROM. I. The Washington Double Star Catalog | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=122 | issue=6 | pages=3466–3471 |date=December 2001 | doi=10.1086/323920 | bibcode=2001AJ....122.3466M }}</ref>

<ref name=kaler>{{citation | first1=James B. | last1=Kaler | title==GAMMA HER (Gamma Herculis) | work=Stars | publisher=University of Illinois | url=http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/gammaher.html | accessdate=2012-01-02 }}</ref>

<ref name=csiro>{{citation | title=The Colour of Stars | date=December 21, 2004 | work=Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education | publisher=Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation | url=http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html | accessdate=2012-01-16 }}</ref>

}}

{{Stars of Hercules}}

[[Category:Hercules (constellation)]]
[[Category:Binary stars]]

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Bland–Altman plot