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2013-11-14T02:38:02Z

93.196.232.187: not needed resp. clear

{{New Testament manuscript infobox
| form = Uncial
| number = '''012'''
| image = G(012).JPG
| isize = 220
| caption= First page of the codex with lacunae in Romans 1:1-4
| name = Boernerianus
| sign = Gp
| text = [[Pauline epistles]]
| script = [[Greek language|Greek]]/[[Latin language|Latin]] diglot
| date = 850-900
| found = [[Abbey of St. Gall]], [[Switzerland]]
| now at = [[Saxon State Library]] [[Dresden]]
| cite = A. Reichardt, ''Der Codex Boernerianus. Der Briefe des Apostels Paulus'', Verlag von Karl W. Hiersemann, Leipzig 1909.
| size = 25 x 18 cm
| type = [[Western text-type|Western]]
| cat = III
| hand =
| note = Irish verse on folio 23v.
}}

'''Codex Boernerianus''', designated by '''Gp''' or '''012''' (in the [[Biblical manuscript#Gregory-Aland|Gregory-Aland]] numbering), α 1028 ([[Biblical manuscript#Von Soden|von Soden]]), is a small New Testament [[codex]], measuring 25 x 18 cm, written in one column per page, 20 lines per page. Dated [[Paleography|paleographically]] to the 9th century.<ref name=Aland>{{Cite book
| last = Aland
| first = Kurt
| authorlink = Kurt Aland
| coauthors = [[Barbara Aland]]; Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.)
| title = The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism
| publisher = [[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]
| year = 1995
| location = Grand Rapids
| page = 110
| url =
| doi =
| id =
| isbn = 978-0-8028-4098-1}}</ref> The name of the codex derives from [[Christian Frederick Boerner|Boerner]], to whom it once belonged. The manuscript is lacunose.

== Description ==
The manuscript contains the text of the [[Pauline epistles]] (but does not contain [[Epistle to the Hebrews|Hebrews]]) on 99 [[vellum]] leaves. The main text is in [[Koine Greek|Greek]] with an interlinear [[Latin]] translation inserted above the Greek text (in the same manner like [[Codex Sangallensis 48]]).

The text of the codex contains six [[Lacuna (manuscript)|lacunae]] ([[Epistle to the Romans|Romans]] 1:1-4, 2:17-24, [[First Epistle to the Corinthians|1 Cor.]] 3:8-16, 6:7-14, [[Epistle to the Colossians|Col.]] 2:1-8, Philem. 21-25).
Quotations from the [[Old Testament]] are marked in left-hand margin by inverted comma (>), and Latin notation identifies a quotation (f.e. ''Iesaia'').
Capital letters follow regular in [[Stichometry|stichometric]] frequency. It means codex G was copied from manuscript arranged in [[Stichometry|στίχοι]]. The codex sometimes uses minuscule letters: α, κ, ρ (of the same size as uncials). It has not [[Spiritus asper]], [[Spiritus lenis]] and accents.<ref name = Gregory/>

The Latin text is written in minuscule letters. The shape of Latin letters: r, s, t is characteristic of [[Anglo-Saxon language|Anglo-Saxon]] alphabet.

Codex does not use phrase ἐν Ῥώμῃ (''in Rome''). In Rom 1:7 this phrase was replaced into ἐν ἀγαπῃ (Latin text – ''in caritate et dilectione''), and in 1:15 the phrase is omitted (in both text Greek and Latin).

After the end of Philemon stands the title Προς Λαουδακησας αρχεται επιστολη (with interlinear Latin ''ad Laudicenses incipit epistola''), but an apocryphal epistle is lost.<ref name = Metzger>{{Cite book |last1=Metzger |first1=Bruce M. |authorlink1=Bruce M. Metzger |last2=Ehrman |first2=Bart D. |authorlink2=Bart D. Ehrman |title=The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration | edition = 4 |year=2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York – Oxford |url= |isbn=978-0-19-516122-9 |pages= 75–76}}</ref>

== Text ==
The Greek text of this [[codex]] is a representative of the [[Western text-type]]. [[Kurt Aland|Aland]] placed it in [[Categories of New Testament manuscripts#Category III|Category III]].<ref name=Aland/>

The section 1 Cor 14:34-35 is placed after 1 Cor 14:40, just like other manuscripts of the Western text-type ([[Codex Claromontanus|Claromontanus]], [[Codex Augiensis|Augiensis]], [[Minuscule 88|88]], itd, g, and some manuscripts of Vulgate.<ref>NA26, p. 466.</ref><ref>Bruce M. Metzger, ''A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament'' (Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft: Stuttgart, 2001), pp. 499-500.</ref>

The Latin text has some affinity with [[Liber Comicus]].<ref>A. H. McNeile, ''An Introduction to the Study of the New Testament'', revised by C. S. C. Williams, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1955, p. 399.</ref>

: Romans 6:5 αλλα και της αναστασεως ] αμα και της αναστασεως
: Romans 12:11 κυριω ] καιρω
: Romans 15:31 διακονια ] δωροφορια — [[Codex Vaticanus|B]] [[Codex Claromontanus|D]] Ggr
: Romans 16:15 Ιουλιαν ] Ιουνιαν — [[Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus|C]].<ref>UBS3, p. 575.</ref>
: Galatians 6:2 αναπληρωσατε ] αναπληρωσετε — B 1962 it vg syrp,pal copsa,bo goth eth<ref>UBS3, p. 661.</ref>
: Philippians 3:16 τω αυτω στοιχειν ] το αυτο φρονειν, τω αυτω συνστοιχειν — supported by F<ref>UBS4, p. 679.</ref>
: Philippians 4:7 νοηματα ] σωματα — F G<ref>NA26, p. 521.</ref>

In Romans 8:1 it reads Ιησου (as א, B, D, 1739, 1881, itd, g, copsa, bo, eth). The Byzantine manuscripts read Ιησου μη κατα σαρκα περιπατουσιν αλλα κατα πνευμα.<ref>UBS3, p. 548.</ref>

It does not contain the ending Romans 16:25-27, but it has blanked space at Romans 14:23 for it.<ref>UBS3, p. 577.</ref>

In 1 Corinthians 2:1 it reads μαρτυριον along with B D P Ψ 33 81 104 181 326 330 451 614 629 630 1241 1739 1877 1881 1962 1984 2127 2492 2495 Byz Lect it vg syrh copsa arm eth. Other manuscripts read μυστηριον or σωτηριον.<ref name="UBS3, p. 581">UBS3, p. 581.</ref>

In 1 Corinthians 2:4 it reads πειθοις σοφιας (''plausible wisdom'') along with [[Papyrus 46|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math>46]]. The Latin text supports reading πειθοι σοφιας (''plausible wisdom'') – [[Minuscule 35|35]] and [[Codex Augiensis]] (Latin text).<ref name="UBS3, p. 581"/>

In 2 Corinthians 2:10 the Greek text reads τηλικουτου θανατου, along with the codices: א, A, B, C, Dgr, K, P, Ψ, 0121a, 0209, 0243, 33, 81, 88, 104, 181, 326, 330, 436, 451, 614, 1241, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2127, 2492, 2495, Byz.<ref>UBS3, p. 622.</ref>

== The Old Irish Poem in the Codex Boernerianus ==
[[File:Irish Verse in Codex Boernerianus.JPG|thumb|right|240px|Below biblical text Irish verse (three lines)]]
On [http://www.csntm.org/Manuscripts/GA%20012/012_069.jpg folio 23 verso] at the bottom is written a verse in [[Old Irish]] which refers to making a pilgrimage to Rome:

<poem>
Téicht doróim
mór saido · becc · torbai ·
INrí chondaigi hifoss ·
manimbera latt nífogbái ·

Mór báis mor baile
mór coll ceille mor mire
olais airchenn teicht dó ecaib ·
beith fo étoil · maíc · maire ·
</poem>

[[Whitley Stokes|Stokes]] and [[John Strachan (linguist)|Strachan]]'s translation:<ref>{{Cite book|editor1-last=Stokes |editor1-first=Whitley |editor1-link=Whitley Stokes |editor2-last=Strachan |editor2-first=John |editor2-link=John Strachan (linguist) |title=Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=1903 |volume=2 |page=296 |url={{FULLURL:File:Thesaurus_Palaeohibernicus_2.djvu|page=342}}}}</ref>

{{quote|To go to Rome, much labour, little profit: the King whom thou seekest here, unless thou bring him with thee, thou findest him not.Much folly, much frenzy, much loss of sense, much madness (is it), since going to death is certain, to be under the displeasure of Mary's Son.}}

[[Bruce M. Metzger]] in his book ''Manuscripts of the Greek Bible''<ref>{{cite book|first=B. M. |last=Metzger |authorlink=Bruce M. Metzger |title=Manuscripts of the Greek Bible: An Introduction to Palaeography |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1981 |page=104}}</ref> quotes this poem, which seems to have been written by a disappointed pilgrim.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Scrivener |first=Frederick Henry Ambrose |authorlink=Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener |coauthors=Edward Miller |title=[[A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament]] |publisher=[[George Bell & Sons]] |year=1894 |location=London |edition=4 |volume=1 |page=180}}</ref>

== History ==
The codex was probably written by an [[Hiberno-Scottish mission|Irish]] monk in the [[Abbey of St. Gall]], [[Switzerland]] between 850-900 A.D. [[Ludolph Kuster]] was the first to recognize the 9th century date of Codex Boernerianus.<ref>{{Cite book | author = Alexander Reichardt | title = Der Codex Boernerianus. Der Briefe des Apostels Paulus | location = Leipzig | publisher = Verlag von Karl W. Hiersemann | year = 1909 | page = 9}}</ref> The evidence for this date includes the style of the script, the smaller uncial letters in Greek, the Latin interlinear written in Anglo-Saxon minuscule, and the separation of words.<ref>[[Victor Gardthausen]], ''Griechische Paläographie'' (Greek Paleography). Leipzig 1879. p. 271, 428 and 166; see also. H. Marsh, ''Comments. . to J. D. Michaelis' Introduction''. I. p. 263</ref>

In 1670 it was in the hands of P. Junius at [[Leiden]].<ref>C.v. Tischendorf, [http://www.archive.org/stream/novumtestamentum31tisc#page/426/mode/2up ''[[Editio octava critica maior]]''], p. 427.</ref> The codex got its name from its first German owner, [[University of Leipzig]] professor [[Christian Frederick Boerner|Boerner]], who bought it in the [[Dutch Republic]] in the year 1705.<ref name = Gregory>{{Cite book
| last = Gregory
| first = Caspar René
| authorlink = Caspar René Gregory
| title = Textkritik des Neuen Testaments
| publisher = J.C. Hinrichs'sche Buchhandlung
| year = 1900
| location = Leipzig
| volume = 1
| page = 112
| url = http://www.archive.org/stream/textkritikdesne00greggoog#page/n125/mode/2up
| isbn = }}</ref> It was collated by [[Ludolph Kuster|Kuster]], described in the preface to his edition of [[John Mill (theologian)|Mill's]] Greek New Testament. The manuscript was designated by symbol '''G''' in the second part of [[Johann Jakob Wettstein|Wettstein's]] New Testament.<ref>Alexander Chalmers, ''The General biographical dictionary'' (London 1812), Vol. 4, pp. 508-509.</ref> The text of the codex was published by [[Christian Frederick Matthaei|Matthaei]], at Meissen, in Saxony, in 1791, and supposed by him to have been written between the 8th and 12th centuries.<ref>Ch. F. Matthaei, ''XIII epistolarum Pauli codex Graecus cum versione latine veteri vulgo Antehieronymiana olim Boernerianus nunc bibliothecae electoralis Dresdensis'', Meissen, 1791.</ref> Rettig thought that Codex Sangallensis is a part of the same book as the Codex Boernerianus.<ref>H. C. M. Rettig, ''Antiquissimus quattuor evangeliorum canonicorum Codex Sangallensis Graeco-Latinus intertlinearis'', (Zurich, 1836).</ref>

During [[World War II]], the codex suffered severely from water damage. Thus, the facsimile, as published in 1909, provides the most legible text. Some scholars believe that, originally, this codex formed a unit with the Gospel manuscript [[Codex Sangallensis 48]] (Δ/037). Boernerianus is housed now in the [[Saxon State Library]] (A 145b), [[Dresden]], [[Germany]], while Δ (037) is at [[Saint Gallen]], in [[Switzerland]].<ref name = Metzger/><ref name = INTF>{{Cite web |url=http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/ListeHandschriften.php?ObjID=20012 |title=Liste Handschriften |publisher=Institute for New Testament Textual Research |accessdate=16 March 2013 |location=Münster}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Codex Augiensis]]
* [[List of New Testament Latin manuscripts]]
* [[List of New Testament uncials]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{refbegin}}
{{refend}}

== For further readings ==
* Peter Corssen, ''Epistularum Paulinarum Latine Scriptos Augiensem, Boernerianum, Claromontanum'', Jever Druck von H. Fiencke 1887-1889.
* [[William Hatch|W. H. P. Hatch]], ''On the Relationship of Codex Augiensis and Codex Boernerianus of the Pauline Epistle''s, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, Vol. 60, 1951, pp. 187–199.
* Alexander Reichardt, ''Der Codex Boernerianus. Der Briefe des Apostels Paulus'', Verlag von Karl W. Hiersemann, Leipzig 1909.
* Bruce M. Metzger, ''Manuscripts of the Greek Bible: An Introduction to Palaeography'', Oxford University Press, Oxford 1981, pp. 104–105.

== External links ==
{{wikisourcelang|oldwikisource|Old Irish Verse#Boerner|Quatrains in the Codex Boernerianus}}
* {{Cite web | url=http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/ListeHandschriften.php?ObjID=20012 | title = Codex G/012 (GA) | work = Liste Handschriften|author=INTF | accessdate = 2013-01-15 | publisher = Münster Institute}}
* [http://www.csntm.org/Manuscript/View/GA_012 Codex Boernerianus Gp (012)] at the CSNTM (images of the 1909 facsimile edition)
* [http://digital.slub-dresden.de/id274591448 Codex Boernerianus Gp (012)] recently made photos at SLUB Dresden Digitale Bibliothek
* [http://digital.slub-dresden.de/fileadmin/data/274591448/274591448_tif/jpegs/274591448.pdf Codex Boernerianus] recently made photos at SLUB Dresden Digitale Bibliothek (PDF)
* [http://www.skypoint.com/members/waltzmn/ManuscriptsUncials.html#uGp Manuscript Gp (012)] at the ''Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism''

{{DEFAULTSORT:Boernerianus}}
[[Category:Greek New Testament uncials]]
[[Category:Old Latin New Testament manuscripts]]
[[Category:9th-century biblical manuscripts]]

{{Link GA|pl}}

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