Percolation critical exponents - Revision history

en>Rjwilmsi: /* Exponents for standard percolation */Journal cites, added 1 DOI, added 1 Bibcode using AWB (10499)

2014-11-23T10:52:49Z

Exponents for standard percolation: Journal cites, added 1 DOI, added 1 Bibcode using AWB (10499)

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:52, 23 November 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~In larger kitchens, a significant set of knives in a butcher block~~ is good to have, but when space is an issue, not as sensible. It is not wonderful and the steel is merely good, but it will out-carry out just about any other knife in this cost variety. In this value variety, buying à la carte makes it possible for you to think about a prime-notch Chef's knife from the Shun Classic or MAC Experienced series, and then supplement with the less-highly-priced Forschners from our lowest price tier. If you happen to be determined to invest in matching knives, Messermeister makes a fantastic tiny set in this price tag variety.<br>~~<br>Chicago Cutlery Landmark Knife Set consist of~~ a ~~collection of twelve typically applied high-carbon forged stainless steel knives, all~~ in ~~different sizes and shapes for different functions that everyone would require. Then you get a slightly bigger version of that paring knife~~, ~~that's the utility knife that covers a wide variety~~ of ~~tasks. The chef's knife is used for all the chopping, mincing and dicing tasks~~.<br><br>Overall, a solid set of knives that are best for cutting thick steaks suitable in half. They are undoubtedly for very simple and are a great set to have in your kitchen if you can't afford the Wusthof steak knives. It ~~is generally superior to buy knives that are precision forged, on the other hand if you don't have the dough to spend for knife sets for $one hundred+ then this will do. A chef~~'s ~~knife is an all-purpose knife.<br><br>You don't want to be a specialist chef to appreciate very good top quality kitchen knife sets. Honestly, this set~~ of ~~knives contains all the things you could ever will need in your kitchen as far as kitchen knives are concerned~~. ~~Full tang - that is, the steel goes all the way up the deal with providing exceptional weight and balance to every knife. A chef~~'~~s knife usually ranges in size from 8 inches to ten inches~~.<br>~~<br>When it comes to knives, a kitchen block set is the way to go unless you~~ have ~~to have many copies of the very same knife. Though getting~~ a ~~block to shop your knives in is good,~~ the ~~greatest advantage to shopping for a set is the expense savings~~. Irrespective of whether you happen to be a experienced chef or an individual hunting for a set for your kitchen, you'll obtain that Anolon Cutlery has you covered. Retain your knives clean and dry, and your set could potentially last a lifetime. If you cook mostly Asian food, pick out a set of Asian knives.<br><br>Wusthof knows how to make knives, and the Wusthof classic steak knife set is one of the premium knife sets you can get on the industry, they are pricey, but they are properly worth it, for the reason that you get knives that are razor sharp and come with a lifetime guarantee… AKA you will Finest Cost Wusthof Bread Knife never ever have to worry about ever obtaining steak knives once more. I asked for only One particular genuinely great Pricey Knife for Christmas.<br>~~<br>If you look at the knife from the best you can commonly see if the steel runs all the way by way of the deal with, or you can look for this info in the product specifications if you are unsure~~. ~~Make confident you deal with the knife to get an thought of how comfortable it is to use. Given that a lot of individuals seriously only want a couple of basic knives, getting an apartment~~-~~sized knife block can decrease your price significantly.~~<br><br>~~Knife sets are usually filled with~~ [http://~~browse.deviantart~~.com/?qh=&section=&global=1&q=redundant redundant] blades, blades that are too short to get the job completed (like the serrated knives in the sets in the video), and so-referred to as "utility knives" for tasks which are almost normally much better served by a standard chef's knife. ~~They are a very good knife set, but this top quality comes at a~~ cost point that can be challenging to swallow. In identical case it is the improved decision to decide for a [http://Www.twitpic.com/tag/Chef+Knife Chef Knife] Set Here's more info in regards to What Is The Ideal Knife To Reduce Bread [[http://www.thebestkitchenknivesreviews.com/best-japanese-knives-chef-models-review/ Http://Www.Thebestkitchenknivesreviews.Com/]] ~~look at our own site. .~~		Hello! My name is Nestor. <br>It is a little about myself: I live in France, my city of Annemasse. <br>It's called often Eastern or cultural capital of . I've married 1 years ago.<br>I have 2 children - a son (Janice) and the daughter (Leon). We all like Association football.<br><br><br>http://brokerltd.com - ad network<br><br>my homepage; [http://brokerltd.com/pub_cpm_network.html cost per mil]

en>Rziff: /* Exponents for standard percolation */ corrected minus sign

2014-02-27T15:47:36Z

Exponents for standard percolation: corrected minus sign

Show changes

en>Anrnusna at 03:59, 25 September 2013

2013-09-25T03:59:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:59, 25 September 2013
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{context\|date=June 2012}}
			The '''Binary Independence Model''' (BIM)<ref name="cyu76" /><ref name="jones77"/> is a probabilistic information retrieval technique that makes some simple assumptions to make the estimation of document/query similarity probability feasible.

			==Definitions==
			The Binary Independence Assumption is that documents are binary vectors. That is, only the presence or absence of terms in documents are recorded. Terms are [[independence (probability theory)\|independently]] distributed in the set of relevant documents and they are also independently distributed in the set of irrelevant documents.
			The representation is an ordered set of Boolean variables. That is, the representation of a document or query is a vector with one Boolean element for each term under consideration. More specifically, a document is represented by a vector ''d = (x<sub>1</sub>, ..., x<sub>m</sub>)'' where ''x<sub>t</sub>=1'' if term ''t'' is present in the document ''d'' and ''x<sub>t</sub>=0'' if it's not. Many documents can have the same vector representation with this simplification. Queries are represented in a similar way.
			"Independence" signifies that terms in the document are considered independently from each other and no association between terms is modeled. This assumption is very limiting, but it has been shown that it gives good enough results for many situations. This independence is the "naive" assumption of a [[Naive Bayes classifier]], where properties that imply each other are nonetheless treated as independent for the sake of simplicity. This assumption allows the representation to be treated as an instance of a [[Vector space model]] by considering each term as a value of 0 or 1 along a dimension orthogonal to the dimensions used for the other terms.

	~~With~~ the ~~backdrop~~ of the ~~Superstition Mountains~~, ~~you have a scenic mountain bike trail network that can embody every quality of off-road riding in the Southwest~~. ~~In case you have any kind of inquiries with regards to where along with~~ the ~~way to utilize [http~~:/~~/www~~.~~wallpaperhdquality~~.~~com/profile/toliddell Cannondale mountain bike sizing.]~~, ~~you possibly can call us on~~ the ~~web-page~~. ~~You~~'~~ll ask yourself this question~~ in ~~conjunction with "how much will you pay. For maximum safety~~, it is ~~important~~ to have a ~~bike-repair multi-tool,~~ a ~~patch kit for flat tires,~~ and ~~tire levers. It has~~ a ~~round tire cross-section that is typical for Continental~~, ~~and~~ the ~~Gravity - Arc tread that lead~~ to ~~a playful handling. That kept me looking forward~~ to the ~~book launch and beyond~~. <br><br>~~However, you still have to choose the right Santa Cruz bikes for yourself. 3 width are versatile,~~ and ~~can~~ be ~~used on low mountain trails~~ and the ~~alpencross~~. ~~From free shipping on all~~ the ~~bikes across~~ the US, the ~~Road Bike Outlet makes consumers happy anywhere within 1 to 6 days~~. ~~Many riders suggest~~ that ~~if you have less then $700 to spend on~~ a ~~bike you might want~~ to ~~consider a hardtail because full suspension bikes~~ are ~~more costly~~. ~~A smart shopper knows his or her rights,~~ and ~~you should also know this before finalizing any purchase or transaction online.~~ <br><br>~~The steeper~~ the ~~angles~~, the ~~more beneficial it would be for stability~~ and ~~high speed pedaling~~. The ~~world's best mountain bikers will return on October 11~~-13, ~~2013 to compete in the most daunting event in freeride mountain biking to prove their skill~~, ~~fearlessness and ability to master the legendary terrain in Utah~~. ~~There are great coaches~~, ~~who will train you to tweet like a bird in spring or Link in, befriend and get a fan page~~. ~~If you have~~ a ~~mountain bike or a road bike, it is important that you know how~~ to ~~care of it properly~~. The ~~bike shop personnel should be able~~ to ~~advise you on how to choose~~ the ~~right frame size~~. <br><br>~~I would wake up at 3 o'clock~~ in ~~the morning to make calls to America~~. ~~He just stood there looking at the view from~~ the ~~top-his view and perspective changed~~ by ~~a few seconds and a climb up a little mountain~~. ~~Bike Comfort If you are at a height or have a leg length that is somewhere~~ in the ~~middle~~ of ~~2 bike frame sizes~~, ~~trying several of them~~ to ~~see what feels more comfortable is~~ the ~~best option. There is no shortage of videos~~ of ~~mountain bike crashes from around~~ the ~~world~~, ~~with many riders with appropriate safety equipment escaping serious injury~~, ~~while others were not that fortunate~~. ~~The biker will encounter numerous obstacles along~~ the ~~way which will make his trajectory an extreme adventure~~. <br><br>~~If you can afford it~~, a ~~full suspension mountain bike is always worth~~ the ~~purchase~~. ~~If you can, try and drop off a gutter or curb, standing~~ to ~~allow your knees~~ to ~~absorb~~ the ~~impact~~. ~~I hope what you will have found in~~ the ~~article with respect~~ to ~~Mongoose mountain bike reviews~~, ~~together with additionally the particular info regarding mountain bikes~~, ~~is going~~ to ~~be helpful for you~~. A ~~twenty~~-~~inch wheeled bike are good for longer traveling time~~. ~~In some countries~~, ~~they still have the culture~~ of ~~using~~ the ~~bike as their primary vehicles used on their streets.~~		The probability ''P(R\|d,q)'' that a document is relevant derives from the probability of relevance of the terms vector of that document ''P(R\|x,q)''. By using the Bayes rule we get:

			<math>P(R\|x,q) = \frac{P(x\|R,q)*P(R\|q)}{P(x\|q)}</math>

			where ''P(x\|R=1,q)'' and ''P(x\|R=0,q)'' are the probabilities of retrieving a relevant or nonrelevant document, respectively. If so, then that document's representation is ''x''.
			The exact probabilities can not be known beforehand, so use estimates from statistics about the collection of documents must be used.

			''P(R=1\|q)'' and ''P(R=0\|q)'' indicate the previous probability of retrieving a relevant or nonrelevant document respectively for a query ''q''. If, for instance, we knew the percentage of relevant documents in the collection, then we could use it to estimate these probabilities.
			Since a document is either relevant or nonrelevant to a query we have that:

			<math>P(R=1\|x,q) + P(R=0\|x,q) = 1</math>

			=== Query Terms Weighting ===
			Given a binary query and the [[dot product]] as the similarity function
			between a document and a query, the problem is to assign weights to the
			terms in the query such that the retrieval effectiveness will be high. Let <math>p_i</math> and <math>q_i</math> be the probability that a relevant document and an irrelevant
			document has the <math>i^{th}</math> term respectively. Yu and Salton,<ref name="cyu76" /> who first introduce BIM, propose that the weight of the <math>i^{th}</math>
			term is an increasing function of <math>Y_i = \frac{p_i (1-q_i)}{(1-p_i)q_i}</math>. Thus, if <math>Y_i</math> is higher than <math>Y_j</math>, the weight
			of term <math>i</math> will be higher than that of term <math>j</math>. Yu and Salton<ref name="cyu76" /> showed that such a weight assignment to query terms yields better retrieval effectiveness than if query terms are equally weighted. Robertson and Sparck<ref name="jones77"/> later showed that if the <math>i^{th}</math> term is assigned the weight of <math>log Y_i</math>, then optimal retrieval effectiveness is obtained under the Binary Independence Assumption.

			The Binary Independence Model was introduced by Yu and Salton.<ref name="cyu76" /> The name Binary Independence Model was coined by Robertson and Sparck.<ref name="jones77"/>

			==Recent work==
			Wu et al.<ref>{{citation \| url=http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1076034.1076179 \| title=A retrospective study of probabilistic context-based retrieval \| year=2005 \| author=H. C. Wu \| coauthors=R. W. P. Luk, K. F. Wong, K. L. Kwok, W. J. Li}}</ref> proposed a new probabilistic retrieval model which weights terms according to their contexts in documents. The term weighting function they used is similar to the [[language model]] and the binary independence model.

			Roelleke et al.<ref>{{citation \| title=Probabilistic Logical Modelling of the Binary Independence Retrieval model \| url=http://www.dcs.qmul.ac.uk/~thor/papers/2007/Roelleke&Wang:ICTIR:2007.pdf \| author=Thomas Roelleke \| coauthors=Jun Wang \| year=2007}}</ref> investigates the probabilistic relational implementations of BIM under the use of probabilistic relational algebra for the integration of Information Retrieval in databases.
			This work surges as a result of the interest shown by Surajit et al.<ref>{{citation \| author=Surajit Chaudhuri \| coauthors=Gautam Das, Vagelis Hristidis, Gerhard Weikum \| title=Probabilistic information retrieval approach for ranking of database query results \| url=http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1166074.1166085 \| year=2006}}</ref> in applying the knowledge of probabilistic models for information retrieval in structured data, to investigate the problem of ranking the answers to a database query when many tuples are returned.

			Zhao and Callan (2010)<ref>Zhao, L. and Callan, J., Term Necessity Prediction, Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM 2010). Toronto, Canada, 2010.</ref> showed a connection between <math>p_i</math>, the probability of a term appearing in relevant documents, and the [[vocabulary mismatch]] problem. This leads to effective ways of predicting the <math>p_i</math> probability for test queries without relevance judgments using training queries with known relevance judgments. Term weighting using this probability could potentially lead to 50-80% gain in retrieval performance over stronger baseline retrieval models such as Language Modeling with perfect estimates of the probability. Further developments following this line of idea points at the Boolean Conjunctive Normal Form expansion technique which could lead to 50-300% gain over unexpanded keyword retrieval.<ref>Zhao, L. and Callan, J., Automatic term mismatch diagnosis for selective query expansion, SIGIR 2012.</ref>

			== See also ==

			* [[Bag of words model]]

			==Further reading==
			* {{citation \| url=http://nlp.stanford.edu/IR-book/html/htmledition/irbook.html \| title=Introduction to Information Retrieval \| author=Christopher D. Manning \| coauthors=Prabhakar Raghavan & Hinrich Schütze \| publisher=Cambridge University Press \| year=2008}}
			* {{citation \| url=http://www.ir.uwaterloo.ca/book/ \| title=Information Retrieval: Implementing and Evaluating Search Engines \| author=Stefan Büttcher \| coauthors=Charles L. A. Clarke & Gordon V. Cormack \| publisher=MIT Press \| year=2010}}

			==References==
			{{Reflist\|refs=
			<ref name="cyu76">Clement T. Yu, Gerard Salton: Precision Weighting - An Effective Automatic Indexing Method. J. ACM 23(1): 76-88 (1976)</ref>
			<ref name="jones77">S.E. Robertson and Sparck Jones, K.: Relevance weighting of search terms. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 27: 129–146 (1976)</ref>
			}}

			[[Category:Information retrieval]]
			[[Category:Probabilistic models]]

en>Bibcode Bot: Adding 2 arxiv eprint(s), 0 bibcode(s) and 0 doi(s). Did it miss something? Report bugs, errors, and suggestions at User talk:Bibcode Bot

2012-08-22T03:39:20Z

Adding 2 arxiv eprint(s), 0 bibcode(s) and 0 doi(s). Did it miss something? Report bugs, errors, and suggestions at User talk:Bibcode Bot

New page

With the backdrop of the Superstition Mountains, you have a scenic mountain bike trail network that can embody every quality of off-road riding in the Southwest. In case you have any kind of inquiries with regards to where along with the way to utilize [http://www.wallpaperhdquality.com/profile/toliddell Cannondale mountain bike sizing.], you possibly can call us on the web-page. You'll ask yourself this question in conjunction with "how much will you pay. For maximum safety, it is important to have a bike-repair multi-tool, a patch kit for flat tires, and tire levers. It has a round tire cross-section that is typical for Continental, and the Gravity - Arc tread that lead to a playful handling. That kept me looking forward to the book launch and beyond. However, you still have to choose the right Santa Cruz bikes for yourself. 3 width are versatile, and can be used on low mountain trails and the alpencross. From free shipping on all the bikes across the US, the Road Bike Outlet makes consumers happy anywhere within 1 to 6 days. Many riders suggest that if you have less then $700 to spend on a bike you might want to consider a hardtail because full suspension bikes are more costly. A smart shopper knows his or her rights, and you should also know this before finalizing any purchase or transaction online. The steeper the angles, the more beneficial it would be for stability and high speed pedaling. The world's best mountain bikers will return on October 11-13, 2013 to compete in the most daunting event in freeride mountain biking to prove their skill, fearlessness and ability to master the legendary terrain in Utah. There are great coaches, who will train you to tweet like a bird in spring or Link in, befriend and get a fan page. If you have a mountain bike or a road bike, it is important that you know how to care of it properly. The bike shop personnel should be able to advise you on how to choose the right frame size. I would wake up at 3 o'clock in the morning to make calls to America. He just stood there looking at the view from the top-his view and perspective changed by a few seconds and a climb up a little mountain. Bike Comfort If you are at a height or have a leg length that is somewhere in the middle of 2 bike frame sizes, trying several of them to see what feels more comfortable is the best option. There is no shortage of videos of mountain bike crashes from around the world, with many riders with appropriate safety equipment escaping serious injury, while others were not that fortunate. The biker will encounter numerous obstacles along the way which will make his trajectory an extreme adventure. If you can afford it, a full suspension mountain bike is always worth the purchase. If you can, try and drop off a gutter or curb, standing to allow your knees to absorb the impact. I hope what you will have found in the article with respect to Mongoose mountain bike reviews, together with additionally the particular info regarding mountain bikes, is going to be helpful for you. A twenty-inch wheeled bike are good for longer traveling time. In some countries, they still have the culture of using the bike as their primary vehicles used on their streets.