Potential flow - Revision history

87.10.61.143: /* See also */

2015-01-03T09:25:16Z

en>網畊: /* Applicability and limitations */

2014-02-08T01:06:45Z

Applicability and limitations

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:06, 8 February 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~{{Refimprove\|date=September 2008}}~~		<br><br>To once the show will return the lovers of NBC's Community are looking at a countdown. While some enthusiasts questioned if it'd ever occur, not simply would be the times but NBC has just-released a new movie with Group cast members section of a musical remix.<br><br>We are able to add yet another American accomplishment towards the record in 2013 for Adam Lambert. Whataya Wish From Me, his single, has been named "2010 Tune of the Season" by radio station Vitality NRJ. Adam gained the title by way of a huge space. The tune placed at Number 2 is the Eminem and Rihanna duet of "Enjoy The Way You Sit," which had just 6% of the votes. For anyone that haven't noticed it, the Power website features a video of Adam [http://amzn.to/1qkQxkG how to be a singer] the acoustic variation of the music while visiting the studio of the station month.<br><br>I heard HGH was used by Timbo at one time. I wonder if your power to create rap beats is enhanced by that [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/material material]? I heard he seemed on a bout of WWE Monday Night FRESH, and the back of his neck appeared to be a move of sausages. He might have also not been low being a kite during his recorded sections on that display. In regards to rapping some emcees watch week being a performance enhancer,. From off I observed what his newest recording, he should have gotten blazed on a few more tunes, merely to help it become a bit more listenable.<br><br>Does it allow you to anxious in any way to go into this kind of uncertain marketplace? Today the music business is in much flux, does it make you tense to have people dedicated to you, and now it really is from your palms and out there to a stage?<br><br>A new rap artist needs a lot of work, skill plus [http://Www.twitpic.com/tag/determination determination]. Once an artist made original tunes and has picked a phase title, they're prepared to begin their advertising campaign. This demands an artist to play with plenty of displays to produce a nonsense and tell folks of their music. Once enthusiasts have been developed by a rap performer, they can use a service team as a way to support them with their work.
	~~[[Image:Chord length definition (en).svg\|right\|thumb\|400px\|Cross section of an airfoil showing chord and chord length, as defined by Houghton & Carpenter~~<~~ref name="houghton&carpenter"/~~>]]
	~~[[Image:Aircraft chord.svg\|right\|thumb\|400px\|The various chords on~~ the ~~planform of~~ the ~~swept-wing~~ of ~~an aircraft]]~~
	~~In [[aeronautics]],~~ '~~''chord''' refers to the imaginary straight line joining the leading and trailing edges of an [[airfoil]]~~. ~~The ''chord length~~'~~' is the distance between the trailing edge and the point on the leading edge where the chord intersects the leading edge.<ref name=Clancy5.2>Clancy~~, ~~L.J. (1975), ''Aerodynamics'', Section 5.2, Pitman Publishing Limited, London. ISBN 0-273-01120-0</ref>~~

	~~The point on the leading edge which is used to define the chord can~~ be ~~defined as either~~ the ~~surface point~~ of ~~minimum radius,~~<~~ref name="houghton&carpenter"~~>~~{{cite book \| title=Aerodynamics for Engineering Students \| author=Houghton, E. L.; Carpenter, P.W.\| edition=5th \| year=2003 \| editor=Butterworth Heinmann \| isbn=0-7506-5111-3}} p.18~~<~~/ref~~> ~~or the surface point which will yield maximum chord length{{citation needed\|date=January 2012}}.~~

	~~The [[wing]], [[horizontal stabilizer]], [[vertical stabilizer]] and [[Propeller (aircraft)\|propeller]] of an aircraft~~ are ~~all based on airfoil sections, and the term ''chord'' or ''chord length'' is also used~~ to ~~describe their width. The chord of a wing, stabilizer and propeller is determined by examining the [[planform]] and measuring~~ the ~~distance between leading and trailing edges~~ in ~~the direction of the airflow~~. ~~(If a wing has a rectangular planform~~, ~~rather than tapered or swept~~, ~~then the chord is simply the width~~ of the ~~wing measured in~~ the ~~direction~~ of ~~airflow~~.) The ~~term ''chord''~~ is ~~also applied to~~ the ~~width~~ of ~~[[Flap (aircraft)\|wing flaps]], [[ailerons]] and [[rudder]] on an aircraft.~~

	The ~~term is also applied to airfoils in [[gas turbine]] engines such as turbojet~~, ~~turboprop, or turbofan engines for aircraft propulsion.~~

	~~Most wings do not have a rectangular [[planform]] so they have a different '''chord''' at different positions along their [[Wingspan\|span]]. To give a characteristic figure~~ which ~~can be compared among various wing shapes,~~ the ~~''mean aerodynamic chord'', or ''MAC'', is used~~. ~~The MAC is somewhat more complex to calculate, because most wings vary in '''chord''~~' ~~over the span~~, ~~growing narrower towards~~ the ~~outer tips~~. ~~This means that more [[lift (force)\|lift~~]~~] is generated on~~ the ~~wider inner portions, and~~ the ~~MAC moves~~ the ~~point to measure~~ the ~~chord to take this into account~~.

	~~==Mean aerodynamic chord==~~
	~~Mean aerodynamic chord (MAC) is defined as wing area divided by wing span:{{citation needed\|date=October 2008}}~~

	:<~~math~~>~~\mbox{MAC} = \frac{S}{b},~~<~~/math~~>

	~~where ''S'' is the wing area and ''b'' is the span of the wing~~. ~~Thus, the SMC~~ is ~~the chord of a rectangular wing with the same area and span as those of the given wing. This is a purely geometric figure and is rarely used in~~ [~~[aerodynamics]]~~.

	~~The MAC is a two-dimensional representation of the whole wing~~. ~~The pressure distribution over the entire wing can be reduced to a single lift force~~ on ~~and~~ a ~~moment around the [[aerodynamic center]]~~ of ~~the MAC. Therefore~~, ~~not only~~ the ~~length but also the position~~ of ~~MAC is often important. In particular, the position of [[center of mass]] (CoM) of an aircraft is usually measured relative~~ to ~~the MAC, as the percentage of the distance from the leading edge~~ of ~~MAC to CoM with respect to MAC itself~~.

	~~Note~~ that ~~the figure~~ to ~~the right implies that the MAC occurs at~~ a ~~point where leading or trailing edge sweep changes~~. ~~In general~~, ~~this is not the case. Any shape other than~~ a ~~simple trapezoid requires evaluation of the above integral.~~

	~~The ratio of the length (or ''span'') of~~ a ~~rectangular-planform wing to its chord is known as the [[aspect ratio (wing)\|aspect ratio]], an important indicator of the [[lift-induced drag]] the wing will create~~.<~~ref~~>~~Kermode, A.C. (1972), ''Mechanics of Flight'', Chapter 3, (p.103, eighth edition), Pitman Publishing Limited, London ISBN 0-273-31623-0~~<~~/ref~~> ~~(For wings with planforms that are not rectangular, the aspect ratio is calculated as the square~~ of the ~~span divided by the wing planform area.) Wings with higher aspect ratios will have less induced drag than wings with lower aspect ratios. Induced drag~~ is ~~most significant at low airspeeds. This is why [[Glider aircraft\|glider]]s~~ have ~~long slender wings.~~

	~~==Tapered wing==~~
	~~Knowing the area (S<sub>w</sub>)~~, ~~[[taper ratio]] (~~<~~math~~>~~\lambda~~<~~/math~~>~~) and the span (b)~~ of ~~the wing, and whether the wing has sweep or not, the chord at any position on the span can be calculated by the formula:{{citation needed\|date=October 2008}}~~

	~~:<math>c(y)=\frac{2\~~,~~S_w}{(1+\lambda)b}\left[1-\frac{2(1-\lambda)}{b}y\right],</math>~~
	~~where~~

	~~<math>\lambda=\frac{C_{\rm Tip}}{C_{\rm Root}}</math>~~

	~~==References==~~
	~~{{reflist}}~~

	~~==External links==~~
	* [http://~~www~~.ae.~~su.oz.au~~/~~aero~~/~~contents.html Aerodynamics for Students~~]
	* [http://www.~~airfieldmodels~~.~~com/information_source/math_and_science_of_model_aircraft/formulas/mean_aerodynamic_chord~~.~~htm Finding the Mean Aerodynamic Chord (MAC)]~~
	* [http://aircraftcomponent.~~net/taper-ratio.html Engineer Considerations]~~

	~~[[Category:Aerospace engineering]]~~
	~~[[Category:Aircraft wing design]]~~

en>Crowsnest: /* See also */ add Darwin drift; sort

2013-11-16T16:28:17Z

See also: add Darwin drift; sort

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:28, 16 November 2013
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~Are you currently searching for employment~~ as ~~being a mystery buyer~~, ~~but struggling~~ to ~~find vacancies? This market operates a little different to careers that you may have experienced before~~ and ~~that I desire to give out how to find a job being~~ the ~~best places along with a secret buyer to look~~.<br><br><br><br>~~There are food chains~~ or ~~a few restaurants that article ads employing for a secret shopper~~. ~~You~~ are ~~able~~ to ~~apply to one~~. ~~They could ask you to eat~~ in ~~just one~~ of ~~their department for twice per month and present them complete report everytime~~.~~<br><br>While glass fencing is recognized to be always~~ a ~~premium solution~~, ~~it's more affordable~~ than ~~you imagine~~. ~~When doing your research for swimming wall~~, ~~it pays~~ to ~~acquire two quotes - one~~ for ~~the other to get~~ a ~~glass barrier~~ along ~~with~~ the ~~usual~~, ~~aluminum fence~~. the ~~difference in-style and price will undoubtedly be positively enormous~~, ~~although~~ the ~~variation in cost might not be~~ that ~~significantly~~.<br><br>~~A shopper~~ is ~~someone who loves shopping~~ and ~~earning profits while carrying it out~~. ~~As well as purchasing~~, ~~having a particular date in~~ the ~~shows or dinner for just two~~ is ~~just~~ a ~~typical evening's function. They are granted types that reveal~~ the ~~kind~~ of ~~company~~. ~~The~~ [~~https://medium~~.~~com/@SecretShopping/how~~-to~~-become-~~a~~-mystery-shopper-77e7752502e5 Medium.com~~] ~~stays the cleanness~~ of the ~~premises~~, ~~money while rating~~ the ~~quality of customer support and~~ also the ~~simple locating items~~. ~~They are~~ [~~http://Answers.Yahoo.com/search/search_result?p=settled&submit-go=Search+Y!+Answers settled~~] ~~and sometimes reach retain~~ the ~~item~~.~~<br><br>My husband and~~ that ~~I started shopping for luxurious residences~~ a ~~long time before we moved into our brandnew 4~~,~~000 square foot home, and each time we wandered right into~~ a ~~show home~~ or ~~even~~ a ~~style, we lay while in~~ the ~~furniture~~, ~~we gazed out~~ the ~~screen in~~ the ~~mountain landscapes~~, ~~and we possessed that property within our minds~~. ~~Proceed window~~-~~shopping!~~<br>~~<br>I found~~ that the ~~careers part was indeed a~~ [~~https://www~~.~~google.com/search?hl~~=~~en&gl~~=~~us&tbm~~=~~nws&q~~=~~data+entry&btnI=lucky data entry~~] ~~database~~ and ~~clicked around~~ the ~~remaining alternatives. I thought it was superior~~, ~~but again~~ not ~~worth~~ the ~~cost since~~ the ~~profits are something like $0.05 per access it was just taken care of~~ by ~~me.~~<br><br>~~Therefore prior to going buying your spouse, mother, partner or child remember to have a look at bead jewelry~~. ~~They produce wonderful presents and appearance sophisticated and innovative~~. ~~A present of jewelry is obviously loved~~. ~~Whether you get a couple of earrings, a band, a necklace~~ - ~~make sure to obtain a document showing the authenticity of the pearls you've ordered~~.		{{Refimprove\|date=September 2008}}
			[[Image:Chord length definition (en).svg\|right\|thumb\|400px\|Cross section of an airfoil showing chord and chord length, as defined by Houghton & Carpenter<ref name="houghton&carpenter"/>]]
			[[Image:Aircraft chord.svg\|right\|thumb\|400px\|The various chords on the planform of the swept-wing of an aircraft]]
			In [[aeronautics]], '''chord''' refers to the imaginary straight line joining the leading and trailing edges of an [[airfoil]]. The ''chord length'' is the distance between the trailing edge and the point on the leading edge where the chord intersects the leading edge.<ref name=Clancy5.2>Clancy, L.J. (1975), ''Aerodynamics'', Section 5.2, Pitman Publishing Limited, London. ISBN 0-273-01120-0</ref>

			The point on the leading edge which is used to define the chord can be defined as either the surface point of minimum radius,<ref name="houghton&carpenter">{{cite book \| title=Aerodynamics for Engineering Students \| author=Houghton, E. L.; Carpenter, P.W.\| edition=5th \| year=2003 \| editor=Butterworth Heinmann \| isbn=0-7506-5111-3}} p.18</ref> or the surface point which will yield maximum chord length{{citation needed\|date=January 2012}}.

			The [[wing]], [[horizontal stabilizer]], [[vertical stabilizer]] and [[Propeller (aircraft)\|propeller]] of an aircraft are all based on airfoil sections, and the term ''chord'' or ''chord length'' is also used to describe their width. The chord of a wing, stabilizer and propeller is determined by examining the [[planform]] and measuring the distance between leading and trailing edges in the direction of the airflow. (If a wing has a rectangular planform, rather than tapered or swept, then the chord is simply the width of the wing measured in the direction of airflow.) The term ''chord'' is also applied to the width of [[Flap (aircraft)\|wing flaps]], [[ailerons]] and [[rudder]] on an aircraft.

			The term is also applied to airfoils in [[gas turbine]] engines such as turbojet, turboprop, or turbofan engines for aircraft propulsion.

			Most wings do not have a rectangular [[planform]] so they have a different '''chord''' at different positions along their [[Wingspan\|span]]. To give a characteristic figure which can be compared among various wing shapes, the ''mean aerodynamic chord'', or ''MAC'', is used. The MAC is somewhat more complex to calculate, because most wings vary in '''chord''' over the span, growing narrower towards the outer tips. This means that more [[lift (force)\|lift]] is generated on the wider inner portions, and the MAC moves the point to measure the chord to take this into account.

			==Mean aerodynamic chord==
			Mean aerodynamic chord (MAC) is defined as wing area divided by wing span:{{citation needed\|date=October 2008}}

			:<math>\mbox{MAC} = \frac{S}{b},</math>

			where ''S'' is the wing area and ''b'' is the span of the wing. Thus, the SMC is the chord of a rectangular wing with the same area and span as those of the given wing. This is a purely geometric figure and is rarely used in [[aerodynamics]].

			The MAC is a two-dimensional representation of the whole wing. The pressure distribution over the entire wing can be reduced to a single lift force on and a moment around the [[aerodynamic center]] of the MAC. Therefore, not only the length but also the position of MAC is often important. In particular, the position of [[center of mass]] (CoM) of an aircraft is usually measured relative to the MAC, as the percentage of the distance from the leading edge of MAC to CoM with respect to MAC itself.

			Note that the figure to the right implies that the MAC occurs at a point where leading or trailing edge sweep changes. In general, this is not the case. Any shape other than a simple trapezoid requires evaluation of the above integral.

			The ratio of the length (or ''span'') of a rectangular-planform wing to its chord is known as the [[aspect ratio (wing)\|aspect ratio]], an important indicator of the [[lift-induced drag]] the wing will create.<ref>Kermode, A.C. (1972), ''Mechanics of Flight'', Chapter 3, (p.103, eighth edition), Pitman Publishing Limited, London ISBN 0-273-31623-0</ref> (For wings with planforms that are not rectangular, the aspect ratio is calculated as the square of the span divided by the wing planform area.) Wings with higher aspect ratios will have less induced drag than wings with lower aspect ratios. Induced drag is most significant at low airspeeds. This is why [[Glider aircraft\|glider]]s have long slender wings.

			==Tapered wing==
			Knowing the area (S<sub>w</sub>), [[taper ratio]] (<math>\lambda</math>) and the span (b) of the wing, and whether the wing has sweep or not, the chord at any position on the span can be calculated by the formula:{{citation needed\|date=October 2008}}

			:<math>c(y)=\frac{2\,S_w}{(1+\lambda)b}\left[1-\frac{2(1-\lambda)}{b}y\right],</math>
			where

			<math>\lambda=\frac{C_{\rm Tip}}{C_{\rm Root}}</math>

			==References==
			{{reflist}}

			==External links==
			* [http://www.ae.su.oz.au/aero/contents.html Aerodynamics for Students]
			* [http://www.airfieldmodels.com/information_source/math_and_science_of_model_aircraft/formulas/mean_aerodynamic_chord.htm Finding the Mean Aerodynamic Chord (MAC)]
			* [http://aircraftcomponent.net/taper-ratio.html Engineer Considerations]

			[[Category:Aerospace engineering]]
			[[Category:Aircraft wing design]]

en>PixelBot: r2.7.3) (Robot: Adding uk:Потенціал протікання

2012-07-08T13:43:59Z

r2.7.3) (Robot: Adding uk:Потенціал протікання

New page

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← Older revision		Revision as of 11:25, 3 January 2015
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~<br><br>To once the show will return the lovers of NBC~~'s Community are looking at a countdown. While some enthusiasts questioned if it'd ever occur, not simply would be the times but NBC has just-released a new movie with Group cast members section of a musical remix.<br>~~<br>We are able to add yet another American accomplishment towards the record~~ in ~~2013 for Adam Lambert. Whataya Wish From Me~~, ~~his single, has been named "2010 Tune of the Season" by radio station Vitality NRJ~~. ~~Adam gained the title by way of a huge space. The tune placed at Number 2 is the Eminem~~ and Rihanna duet of "Enjoy The Way You Sit," which had just 6% of the votes. For anyone that haven't noticed it, the Power website features a video of Adam [http://amzn.to/1qkQxkG how to be a singer] the acoustic variation of the music while visiting the studio of the station month.<br><br>~~I heard HGH was used by Timbo at one time. I wonder if your power to create rap beats is enhanced by that~~ [http://www.~~wikipedia~~.~~org~~/~~wiki~~/material material]? I heard he seemed on a bout of WWE Monday Night FRESH, and the back of his neck appeared to be a move of sausages. He might have also not been low being a kite during his recorded sections on that display. In regards to rapping some emcees watch week being a performance enhancer,. From off I observed what his newest recording, he should have gotten blazed on a few more tunes, merely to help it become a bit more listenable.<br><br>Does it allow you to anxious in any way to go into this kind of uncertain marketplace? Today the music business is in much flux, does it make you tense to have people dedicated to you, and now it really is from your palms and out there to a stage?<br><br>A new rap artist needs a lot of work, skill plus [http://~~Www~~.~~twitpic~~.com/~~tag~~/~~determination determination~~]. Once an artist made original tunes and has picked a phase title, they're prepared to begin their advertising campaign. This demands an artist to play with plenty of displays to produce a nonsense and tell folks of their music. Once enthusiasts have been developed by a rap performer, they can use a service team as a way to support them with their work.		I'm Diana and I live in Mount Clemens. <br>I'm interested in Art, Computer programming and Swedish art. I like travelling and watching Supernatural.<br><br>Also visit my homepage - Fifa 15 Coin Generator ([http://www.tmhdtv.com/plus/guestbook.php http://www.tmhdtv.com/plus/guestbook.php])