Topness - Revision history

en>Cydebot: Robot - Speedily moving category Particle physics flavour quantum number to :Category:Flavour (particle physics) per CFDS.

2014-08-19T20:50:16Z

Robot - Speedily moving category Particle physics flavour quantum number to Category:Flavour (particle physics) per CFDS.

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:50, 19 August 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~29 year old Slaughterer Efrain Nadel~~ from ~~Aberdeen~~, ~~has several passions including house repair~~, diet ~~and soccer~~. ~~Preceding year~~ very ~~recently made~~ a ~~journey Viñales Valley~~.		<br><br>When you have been desperately searching for an effective nervousness remedy, you could have noticed the wonderful numbers of so-known as magic remedies obtainable. You may also have realised that they do not really work!<br><br>As I've discussed in other articles there is a response that the body takes to worry and threatening situations and that's to release chemical compounds and hormones into the blood stream. It's a results of the discharge of those hormones into the body that we get the lose weight fast responses we do to concern or risk conditions. This does not mean that you are experiencing panic attack signs but merely that is the way the body offers with these kinds of conditions. They will cause extreme injury to the blood vessels, heart and kidneys. If you happen to undergo with continual anxiety, that you must seek the advice of your main doctor frequently for blood stress checks and correct treatment. Bodily. For example, weight-reduction plan, tight clothes, low blood strain , interior ear problems, and so on.<br><br>In case you are experiencing a panic assault your fear begins to overcrowd your thoughts and it's tough to simply accept that these are not actual. So grounding your self in reality is likely one of weight loss the greatest cures to deal with the assault. Accepting that you're having a panic assault is the first step to recover from it. Here are a number of the different things that will help you treatment your panic assaults. Panic attacks by there very nature are extremely distressing for those in there grasp; all rational thought dissolves to get replaced by a state of gripping worry and anxiety The roots of panic assaults are largely psychological and with self hypnosis you can regain control There are quite a few causes of panic or nervousness attack that features anxiousness and high levels of stress.<br><br>I sometimes prescribe anti-anxiousness drugs for generalized anxiety for my patients who really feel fully paralyzed by their signs. For them, a brief course of medication helps calm their neurotransmitters, enabling them to operate enough to begin making better lifestyle and weight loss program choices, enter into remedy, and comply with a complement and train regime. However, I consistently monitor their progress and after we agree they are ready, they stop the anxiolytics. Usually with great success.<br><br>Cut back your stage of hysteria by asking others for help if you need it. Many people feel that asking for help is an indication of weak point, however it is actually a really intelligent factor to do when a process is greater than you may deal hcg diet with. Delegating acceptable duties to others will preserve nervousness underneath control. It is best to probably think about visiting a therapist. If you endure from nervousness , it may be troublesome to get better with out help from a medical skilled. A very good therapist might allow you to to get your anxiety ranges again beneath control, so to begin enjoying life once more. Furthermore, many medical health insurance providers will cover the price of any visits to a licensed therapist. Use pure stress relieving supplements and in addition attempt natural treatments.

en>Chris the speller: /* Conservation */replaced: everytime → every time; punct using AWB

2014-02-18T23:11:15Z

Conservation: replaced: everytime → every time; punct using AWB

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:11, 19 February 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~{{Flavour_quantum_numbers}}~~		29 year old Slaughterer Efrain Nadel from Aberdeen, has several passions including house repair, diet and soccer. Preceding year very recently made a journey Viñales Valley.

	The '''weak hypercharge''' in [[particle physics]] is a conserved quantum number relating the [[electrical charge]] and the third component of [[weak isospin]], and is similar to the [[Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula]] for the [[hypercharge]] of strong interactions (which is not conserved). It is frequently denoted ''Y''<sub>W</sub> and corresponds to the [[gauge symmetry]] [[U(1)]].<ref>{{cite book\|title=Dynamics of the standard model\|pages=52\|author=J. F. Donoghue, E. Golowich, B. R. Holstein\|publisher=Cambridge University Press\|year~~=1994\|isbn=0-521-47652-6}}</ref>~~

	~~==Definition==~~
	~~It is the generator of the U(1) component of the [[electroweak]] gauge group~~, SU(2)xU(1) and its associated quantum field ''B'' mixes with the ''W<sup>3</sup>'' [[electroweak]] quantum field to produce the observed ''Z<sup>0</sup>'' gauge boson and the [[photon]] of [[quantum electrodynamics]].

	~~Weak hypercharge~~, ~~usually written as ''Y<sub>W</sub>'', is defined as:~~

	~~:<math>\qquad Q = T_3 + {Y_W \over 2}</math>~~
	~~where ''Q'' is the electrical charge (in [[elementary charge]] units)~~ and ~~''T<sub>3</sub>'' is the third component of [[weak isospin]]. Rearranging, the weak hypercharge can be expressed as:~~
	~~:<math>\qquad Y_W = 2(Q - T_3)</math>~~

	~~{\| class = "wikitable" style = "text-align: center"~~
	!
	~~! left-handed~~
	~~! el. charge<br><math>Q</math>~~
	~~! weak isospin<br><math>T_3</math>~~
	~~! style="border-right:medium solid" \| weak hypercharge<br><math>Y_W</math>~~
	~~! right-handed~~
	~~! el. charge<br><math>Q</math>~~
	~~! weak isospin<br><math>T_3</math>~~
	~~! weak hypercharge<br><math>Y_W</math>~~
	~~\|- style="border-top: 2pt black solid"~~
	\|-
	~~\| rowspan = "2" \| Leptons~~
	~~\| <math> \nu_e, \nu_{\mu}, \nu_{\tau} </math>~~
	~~\| 0~~
	~~\| +½~~
	~~\| style="border-right:medium solid" \| -1~~
	~~\| -~~
	~~\| -~~
	~~\| -~~
	~~\| -~~
	~~\|- style="border-bottom: 2pt black solid"~~
	~~\| <math> e^-, \mu^-, \tau^- </math>~~
	~~\| -1~~
	~~\| -½~~
	~~\| style="border-right:medium solid" \| -1~~
	~~\| <math> e_R^-, \mu_R^-, \tau_R^- </math>~~
	~~\| -1~~
	~~\| 0~~
	~~\| -2~~
	\|-
	~~\| rowspan = "2" \| Quarks~~
	~~\| <math> u, c, t </math>~~
	~~\| +2/3~~
	~~\| +½~~
	~~\| style="border-right:medium solid" \| +1/3~~
	~~\| <math> u_R, c_R, t_R </math>~~
	~~\| +2/3~~
	~~\| 0~~
	~~\| +4/3~~
	\|-
	~~\| <math> d', s', b' </math>~~
	~~\| -1/3~~
	~~\| -½~~
	~~\| style="border-right:medium solid" \| +1/3~~
	~~\| <math> d_R, s_R, b_R </math>~~
	~~\| -1/3~~
	~~\| 0~~
	~~\| -2/3~~
	\|}

	~~Note: sometimes weak hypercharge is scaled so that~~
	~~:<math>\qquad Y_W = Q - T_3</math>~~
	~~although this is a minority usage.<ref>{{cite book\|title=The mathematical theory of cosmic strings\|author=M. R~~. ~~Anderson\|pages=12\|publisher=CRC Press\|~~year~~=2003\|isbn=0-7503-0160-0}}</ref>~~

	~~==Baryon and lepton number==~~
	~~Weak hypercharge is related to [[B−L\|baryon number - lepton number]] via:~~

	~~:<math>X + 2Y_W = 5(B - L) \,</math>~~

	~~where [[X (charge)\|X]] is~~ a [[Grand unification theory\|GUT]]-associated conserved [[quantum number]]. Since weak hypercharge is also conserved this implies that baryon number minus lepton number is also conserved, within the [[Standard Model]] and most extensions.

	~~===Neutron decay===~~
	~~:{{SubatomicParticle\|neutron\|link=yes}} → {{SubatomicParticle\|proton\|link=yes}} + {{SubatomicParticle\|electron\|link=yes}} + {{SubatomicParticle\|electron antineutrino\|link=yes}}~~

	~~Hence neutron decay conserves [[baryon number]] B and [[lepton number]] L separately, so also the difference [[B-L]] is conserved.~~

	~~===Proton decay===~~
	~~[[Proton decay]] is a prediction of many [[Grand unification theory\|grand unification theories]].~~
	:{{SubatomicParticle\|proton+\|link=yes}} → {{SubatomicParticle\|antielectron\|link=yes}} + {{SubatomicParticle\|pion0\|link=yes}} → {{SubatomicParticle\|antielectron\|link=yes}} + 2{{SubatomicParticle\|photon\|link=yes}}

	~~Hence proton decay conserves [[B-L]], even though it violates both [[lepton number]] and [[baryon number]] conservation~~.

	~~== See also ==~~
	* [[Standard Model (mathematical formulation)]]

	~~== Notes ==~~
	~~<references/>~~

	~~[[Category:Particle physics]]~~
	~~[[Category:Nuclear physics]]~~
	~~[[Category:Standard Model]]~~
	~~[[Category:Electroweak theory]]~~

2A01:E35:139C:9780:C936:452B:D24:879E at 14:45, 27 August 2013

2013-08-27T14:45:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:45, 27 August 2013
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Hi, ~~everybody! My name~~ is ~~Vernon~~. <br>It is ~~a little about myself: I live in Netherlands~~, ~~my city~~ of ~~Volendam~~. <br>It'~~s called often Northern or cultural capital of NH. I~~'~~ve married 4 years ago.~~<br>~~I have~~ 2 ~~children - a son~~ (~~Roman~~) and the ~~daughter~~ (~~Elvira~~). ~~We all like Chess~~.<br><br>~~Feel free~~ to ~~visit my page~~ ... [~~http~~:~~//holdpin~~.~~com~~/~~activity/p/79783/ fifa Coin generator~~]		{{Flavour_quantum_numbers}}

			The '''weak hypercharge''' in [[particle physics]] is a conserved quantum number relating the [[electrical charge]] and the third component of [[weak isospin]], and is similar to the [[Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula]] for the [[hypercharge]] of strong interactions (which is not conserved). It is frequently denoted ''Y''<sub>W</sub> and corresponds to the [[gauge symmetry]] [[U(1)]].<ref>{{cite book\|title=Dynamics of the standard model\|pages=52\|author=J. F. Donoghue, E. Golowich, B. R. Holstein\|publisher=Cambridge University Press\|year=1994\|isbn=0-521-47652-6}}</ref>

			==Definition==
			It is the generator of the U(1) component of the [[electroweak]] gauge group, SU(2)xU(1) and its associated quantum field ''B'' mixes with the ''W<sup>3</sup>'' [[electroweak]] quantum field to produce the observed ''Z<sup>0</sup>'' gauge boson and the [[photon]] of [[quantum electrodynamics]].

			Weak hypercharge, usually written as ''Y<sub>W</sub>'', is defined as:

			:<math>\qquad Q = T_3 + {Y_W \over 2}</math>
			where ''Q'' is the electrical charge (in [[elementary charge]] units) and ''T<sub>3</sub>'' is the third component of [[weak isospin]]. Rearranging, the weak hypercharge can be expressed as:
			:<math>\qquad Y_W = 2(Q - T_3)</math>

			{\| class = "wikitable" style = "text-align: center"
			!
			! left-handed
			! el. charge<br><math>Q</math>
			! weak isospin<br><math>T_3</math>
			! style="border-right:medium solid" \| weak hypercharge<br><math>Y_W</math>
			! right-handed
			! el. charge<br><math>Q</math>
			! weak isospin<br><math>T_3</math>
			! weak hypercharge<br><math>Y_W</math>
			\|- style="border-top: 2pt black solid"
			\|-
			\| rowspan = "2" \| Leptons
			\| <math> \nu_e, \nu_{\mu}, \nu_{\tau} </math>
			\| 0
			\| +½
			\| style="border-right:medium solid" \| -1
			\| -
			\| -
			\| -
			\| -
			\|- style="border-bottom: 2pt black solid"
			\| <math> e^-, \mu^-, \tau^- </math>
			\| -1
			\| -½
			\| style="border-right:medium solid" \| -1
			\| <math> e_R^-, \mu_R^-, \tau_R^- </math>
			\| -1
			\| 0
			\| -2
			\|-
			\| rowspan = "2" \| Quarks
			\| <math> u, c, t </math>
			\| +2/3
			\| +½
			\| style="border-right:medium solid" \| +1/3
			\| <math> u_R, c_R, t_R </math>
			\| +2/3
			\| 0
			\| +4/3
			\|-
			\| <math> d', s', b' </math>
			\| -1/3
			\| -½
			\| style="border-right:medium solid" \| +1/3
			\| <math> d_R, s_R, b_R </math>
			\| -1/3
			\| 0
			\| -2/3
			\|}

			Note: sometimes weak hypercharge is scaled so that
			:<math>\qquad Y_W = Q - T_3</math>
			although this is a minority usage.<ref>{{cite book\|title=The mathematical theory of cosmic strings\|author=M. R. Anderson\|pages=12\|publisher=CRC Press\|year=2003\|isbn=0-7503-0160-0}}</ref>

			==Baryon and lepton number==
			Weak hypercharge is related to [[B−L\|baryon number - lepton number]] via:

			:<math>X + 2Y_W = 5(B - L) \,</math>

			where [[X (charge)\|X]] is a [[Grand unification theory\|GUT]]-associated conserved [[quantum number]]. Since weak hypercharge is also conserved this implies that baryon number minus lepton number is also conserved, within the [[Standard Model]] and most extensions.

			===Neutron decay===
			:{{SubatomicParticle\|neutron\|link=yes}} → {{SubatomicParticle\|proton\|link=yes}} + {{SubatomicParticle\|electron\|link=yes}} + {{SubatomicParticle\|electron antineutrino\|link=yes}}

			Hence neutron decay conserves [[baryon number]] B and [[lepton number]] L separately, so also the difference [[B-L]] is conserved.

			===Proton decay===
			[[Proton decay]] is a prediction of many [[Grand unification theory\|grand unification theories]].
			:{{SubatomicParticle\|proton+\|link=yes}} → {{SubatomicParticle\|antielectron\|link=yes}} + {{SubatomicParticle\|pion0\|link=yes}} → {{SubatomicParticle\|antielectron\|link=yes}} + 2{{SubatomicParticle\|photon\|link=yes}}

			Hence proton decay conserves [[B-L]], even though it violates both [[lepton number]] and [[baryon number]] conservation.

			== See also ==
			* [[Standard Model (mathematical formulation)]]

			== Notes ==
			<references/>

			[[Category:Particle physics]]
			[[Category:Nuclear physics]]
			[[Category:Standard Model]]
			[[Category:Electroweak theory]]

en>Dinamik-bot: r2.6.5) (robot Modifying: ru:Истинность (квантовое число)

2012-01-23T21:44:15Z

r2.6.5) (robot Modifying: ru:Истинность (квантовое число)

New page

Hi, everybody! My name is Vernon. It is a little about myself: I live in Netherlands, my city of Volendam. It's called often Northern or cultural capital of NH. I've married 4 years ago. I have 2 children - a son (Roman) and the daughter (Elvira). We all like Chess. Feel free to visit my page ... [http://holdpin.com/activity/p/79783/ fifa Coin generator]

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:11, 19 February 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~{{Flavour_quantum_numbers}}~~		29 year old Slaughterer Efrain Nadel from Aberdeen, has several passions including house repair, diet and soccer. Preceding year very recently made a journey Viñales Valley.

	The '''weak hypercharge''' in [[particle physics]] is a conserved quantum number relating the [[electrical charge]] and the third component of [[weak isospin]], and is similar to the [[Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula]] for the [[hypercharge]] of strong interactions (which is not conserved). It is frequently denoted ''Y''<sub>W</sub> and corresponds to the [[gauge symmetry]] [[U(1)]].<ref>{{cite book\|title=Dynamics of the standard model\|pages=52\|author=J. F. Donoghue, E. Golowich, B. R. Holstein\|publisher=Cambridge University Press\|year~~=1994\|isbn=0-521-47652-6}}</ref>~~

	~~==Definition==~~
	~~It is the generator of the U(1) component of the [[electroweak]] gauge group~~, SU(2)xU(1) and its associated quantum field ''B'' mixes with the ''W<sup>3</sup>'' [[electroweak]] quantum field to produce the observed ''Z<sup>0</sup>'' gauge boson and the [[photon]] of [[quantum electrodynamics]].

	~~Weak hypercharge~~, ~~usually written as ''Y<sub>W</sub>'', is defined as:~~

	~~:<math>\qquad Q = T_3 + {Y_W \over 2}</math>~~
	~~where ''Q'' is the electrical charge (in [[elementary charge]] units)~~ and ~~''T<sub>3</sub>'' is the third component of [[weak isospin]]. Rearranging, the weak hypercharge can be expressed as:~~
	~~:<math>\qquad Y_W = 2(Q - T_3)</math>~~

	~~{\| class = "wikitable" style = "text-align: center"~~
	!
	~~! left-handed~~
	~~! el. charge<br><math>Q</math>~~
	~~! weak isospin<br><math>T_3</math>~~
	~~! style="border-right:medium solid" \| weak hypercharge<br><math>Y_W</math>~~
	~~! right-handed~~
	~~! el. charge<br><math>Q</math>~~
	~~! weak isospin<br><math>T_3</math>~~
	~~! weak hypercharge<br><math>Y_W</math>~~
	~~\|- style="border-top: 2pt black solid"~~
	\|-
	~~\| rowspan = "2" \| Leptons~~
	~~\| <math> \nu_e, \nu_{\mu}, \nu_{\tau} </math>~~
	~~\| 0~~
	~~\| +½~~
	~~\| style="border-right:medium solid" \| -1~~
	~~\| -~~
	~~\| -~~
	~~\| -~~
	~~\| -~~
	~~\|- style="border-bottom: 2pt black solid"~~
	~~\| <math> e^-, \mu^-, \tau^- </math>~~
	~~\| -1~~
	~~\| -½~~
	~~\| style="border-right:medium solid" \| -1~~
	~~\| <math> e_R^-, \mu_R^-, \tau_R^- </math>~~
	~~\| -1~~
	~~\| 0~~
	~~\| -2~~
	\|-
	~~\| rowspan = "2" \| Quarks~~
	~~\| <math> u, c, t </math>~~
	~~\| +2/3~~
	~~\| +½~~
	~~\| style="border-right:medium solid" \| +1/3~~
	~~\| <math> u_R, c_R, t_R </math>~~
	~~\| +2/3~~
	~~\| 0~~
	~~\| +4/3~~
	\|-
	~~\| <math> d', s', b' </math>~~
	~~\| -1/3~~
	~~\| -½~~
	~~\| style="border-right:medium solid" \| +1/3~~
	~~\| <math> d_R, s_R, b_R </math>~~
	~~\| -1/3~~
	~~\| 0~~
	~~\| -2/3~~
	\|}

	~~Note: sometimes weak hypercharge is scaled so that~~
	~~:<math>\qquad Y_W = Q - T_3</math>~~
	~~although this is a minority usage.<ref>{{cite book\|title=The mathematical theory of cosmic strings\|author=M. R~~. ~~Anderson\|pages=12\|publisher=CRC Press\|~~year~~=2003\|isbn=0-7503-0160-0}}</ref>~~

	~~==Baryon and lepton number==~~
	~~Weak hypercharge is related to [[B−L\|baryon number - lepton number]] via:~~

	~~:<math>X + 2Y_W = 5(B - L) \,</math>~~

	~~where [[X (charge)\|X]] is~~ a [[Grand unification theory\|GUT]]-associated conserved [[quantum number]]. Since weak hypercharge is also conserved this implies that baryon number minus lepton number is also conserved, within the [[Standard Model]] and most extensions.

	~~===Neutron decay===~~
	~~:{{SubatomicParticle\|neutron\|link=yes}} → {{SubatomicParticle\|proton\|link=yes}} + {{SubatomicParticle\|electron\|link=yes}} + {{SubatomicParticle\|electron antineutrino\|link=yes}}~~

	~~Hence neutron decay conserves [[baryon number]] B and [[lepton number]] L separately, so also the difference [[B-L]] is conserved.~~

	~~===Proton decay===~~
	~~[[Proton decay]] is a prediction of many [[Grand unification theory\|grand unification theories]].~~
	:{{SubatomicParticle\|proton+\|link=yes}} → {{SubatomicParticle\|antielectron\|link=yes}} + {{SubatomicParticle\|pion0\|link=yes}} → {{SubatomicParticle\|antielectron\|link=yes}} + 2{{SubatomicParticle\|photon\|link=yes}}

	~~Hence proton decay conserves [[B-L]], even though it violates both [[lepton number]] and [[baryon number]] conservation~~.

	~~== See also ==~~
	* [[Standard Model (mathematical formulation)]]

	~~== Notes ==~~
	~~<references/>~~

	~~[[Category:Particle physics]]~~
	~~[[Category:Nuclear physics]]~~
	~~[[Category:Standard Model]]~~
	~~[[Category:Electroweak theory]]~~