Andrey Markov: Difference between revisions

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It is significant to learn which the consumption of red raspberry leaf tea (alone) to cause labor does not cause labor pains, i.e., it refuses to cause work, it merely assists to tone the muscles of the uterus. To cause work, you'll have to try a combination of points like strolling, acupuncture, home cleaning, etc., together with sipping certain raspberry tea. Try them just and just should you have crossed the delivery date or when your due date is rapidly approaching. Many females consume it in the form of ice cubes or as pills throughout the delivery to help ease the pain plus enhance the contractions. Women additionally grow the dosage once they are past their due date.<br><br>But is this safe?Indeed, these capsules are free from side effects plus may be utilized by both men and women. Imbued with all natural supplements, it comes with full reassurance without causing the body any side-effects.However, usually follow the dosages as per recommendations. This really is essential for the well-being of the body.<br><br>Note that the product contains caffeine, that is a stimulant that activates your central nervous system plus prompts the launch of stamina boosting chemicals inside the body. Caffeine is addictive plus has damaging effects on different organs, however, there is too small caffeine in the raspberry ketone supplement to result the classic caffeine jitters.<br><br>It is found which overweight persons have harmful dietary patterns. These persons eat too much because compared to what an average person would eat throughout meals. With the passage of time, the appetite of overweight people tends to strengthen. So, without control over the diet, how will one get the desired weight reduction even following following a daily exercise regime. Diet pills which actually function without rigorous exercise act because appetite suppressants plus assist to get rid of weight in a healthy means.<br><br>Many products claim which they will boost the metabolism. But, Dr. Oz recommends [http://safedietplansforwomen.com/raspberry-ketones raspberry ketones] as the most powerful choices.It helps to control adiponectin, that is a hormone that stimulates your body to boost the metabolism.<br><br>If any of the is happening do not waste time contact the medical emergencies instantly raspberry ketone diet. You can commonly be provided fluids intravenously plus additional insulin.<br><br>Laughter helps a lot. But it isn't easy to only laugh and be cheerful, whenever all your time is spent inside managing a house. Join a laughter club, or if time doesn't permit, join your older friends and have a laugh over the fun items we did throughout the school/college days. You can furthermore watch certain comic capers/comedy movies, really to make you feel rejuvenated. Do something which takes the load off you; anything that'll provide we pleasure.<br><br>Recent studies have proven that this might be not only another fat loss supplement, have proven which whenever chosen on a daily basis, HSL release assists further break down fat cells and generate health in methods which most persons dont. You are able to take capsules or as a powder in a favorite drinks, plus you can see results in as small as a couple of days. If you take these alongside the supplements youll discover a excellent life-style shift, 1 worth speaking regarding usually.
{{Other people2|Andrei Markov (disambiguation){{!}}Andrei Markov}}
{{Infobox scientist
|name = Andrey (Andrei) Andreyevich Markov
|image = AAMarkov.jpg
|image_size =
|caption =
|birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1856|6|14}} [[New Style|N.S.]]
|birth_place = [[Ryazan]], [[Russian Empire]]
|residence = [[Russia]]
|nationality = [[Russians|Russian]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1922|7|20|1856|6|14}}
|death_place = [[Petrograd]], [[Russian SFSR]]
|field = [[Mathematician]]
|work_institutions = [[St. Petersburg University]]
|alma_mater = [[St. Petersburg University]]
|doctoral_advisor = [[Pafnuty Chebyshev]]
|doctoral_students = {{Plainlist|
* [[Abram Besicovitch]]
* [[Nikolai Günther]]
* [[Veniamin Kagan]]
* [[Jacob Tamarkin]]
* [[J. V. Uspensky]]
* [[Georgy Voronoy]]
}}
<!--[[Nikolai Gunter]]
do not enter these until they have a wiki page-->
|known_for = [[Markov chain]]s; [[Markov process]]es; [[stochastic processes]]
|prizes =
|footnotes =
}}
 
'''Andrey (Andrei) Andreyevich Markov''' ({{lang-ru|Андре́й Андре́евич Ма́рков}}, in older works also spelled '''Markoff'''<ref>E.g. {{cite journal |author=Shannon, Claude E. |authorlink=Claude Shannon |title=A Mathematical Theory of Communication |url=http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/ms/what/shannonday/shannon1948.pdf|journal=Bell System Technical Journal |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=379–423 |date=July/October 1948 }}</ref>) (14 June 1856 [[New Style|N.S.]]&nbsp;– 20 July 1922) was a [[Russia]]n [[mathematician]]. He is best known for his work on [[stochastic process]]es. A primary subject of his research later became known as [[Markov chain]]s and [[Markov process]]es.
 
Markov and his younger brother [[Vladimir Andreevich Markov]] (1871–1897) proved [[Markov brothers' inequality]].
His son, another [[Andrey Markov (Soviet mathematician)|Andrei Andreevich Markov]] (1903–1979), was also a notable mathematician, making contributions to [[constructive mathematics]] and [[Recursion#Functional recursion|recursive function]] theory.
 
== Biography ==
Andrey Andreyevich Markov was born in [[Ryazan]] as the son of the secretary of the public forest management of Ryazan, Andrey Grigorevich Markov, and his first wife Nadezhda Petrovna Markova.
 
In the beginning of the 1860s Andrey Grigorevich moved to St. Petersburg to become an asset manager of Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Valvatyeva.
 
In 1866, Andrey Andreevich's school life began with his entrance into St. Petersburg's fifth grammar school. Already during his school time Andrey was intensely engaged in higher mathematics. As a 17-year-old grammar school student, he informed [[Viktor Bunyakovsky]], [[Aleksandr Korkin]], and [[Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev]] about an apparently new method to solve [[linear ordinary differential equations]], and he was invited to the so-called Korkin Saturdays, where Korkin's students regularly met. In 1874, he finished the school and began his studies at the physico-mathematical department of [[St. Petersburg University]].
 
Among his teachers were [[Yulian Sokhotski]] (differential calculus, higher algebra), [[Konstantin Posse]] (analytic geometry), Yegor Zolotarev (integral calculus), [[Pafnuty Chebyshev]] (number theory and  probability theory), [[Aleksandr Korkin]] (ordinary and partial differential equations), Mikhail Okatov (mechanism theory), [[Osip Somov]] (mechanics), and Nikolai Budaev (descriptive and higher geometry).
 
In 1877, Markov was awarded a gold medal for his outstanding solution of the problem<br>
 
''About Integration of Differential Equations by Continuous Fractions with an Application to the Equation'' <math> (1+x^2) \frac{dy}{dx} = n (1+y^2)</math>.
 
During the following year, he passed the candidate's examinations, and he remained at the university to prepare for a lecturer's position.
 
In April 1880, Markov defended his [[master's degree|master's thesis]] "About Binary Quadratic Forms with Positive Determinant", which was encouraged by Aleksandr Korkin and Yegor Zolotarev.
 
Five years later, in January 1885, there followed his doctoral thesis "About Some Applications of Algebraic Continuous Fractions".
 
His [[pedagogy|pedagogical]] work began after the defense of his master's thesis in autumn 1880. As a [[privatdozent]] he lectured on differential and integral calculus. Later he lectured alternately on "introduction to analysis", probability theory (succeeding Chebyshev, who had left the university in 1882) and the calculus of differences. From 1895 through 1905 he also lectured in [[differential calculus]].
 
[[File:Andrei Markov.jpg|right|thumb|alt=Markov in 1886|Markov in 1886]]
One year after the defense of his doctoral thesis, Markov was appointed extraordinary professor (1886) and in the same year he was elected adjunct to the Academy of Sciences. In 1890, after the death of Viktor Bunyakovsky, Markov became an extraordinary member of the academy. His promotion to an ordinary professor of St. Petersburg University followed in the fall of 1894.
 
In 1896, Markov was elected an ordinary member of the academy as the successor of [[Chebyshev]]. In 1905, he was appointed merited professor and was granted the right to retire, which he did immediately. Until 1910, however, he continued to lecture in the calculus of differences.
 
In connection with student riots in 1908, professors and lecturers of St. Petersburg University were ordered to monitor their students. Markov refused to accept this decree, and he wrote an explanation in which he declined to be an "agent of the governance". Markov was removed from further teaching duties at St. Petersburg University, and hence he decided to retire from the university.
 
Markov was an [[atheist]]. In 1912 he protested [[Leo Tolstoy]]'s excommunication from the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] by requesting his own excommunication. The Church complied with his request.<ref>"Of course, Markov, an atheist and eventual excommunicate of the Church quarreled endlessly with his equally outspoken counterpart Nekrasov. The disputes between Markov and Nekrasov were not limited to mathematics and religion, they quarreled over political and philosophical issues as well."  Gely P. Basharin, Amy N. Langville, Valeriy A. Naumov,  [https://netfiles.uiuc.edu/meyn/www/spm_files/Markov-Work-and-life.pdf The Life and Work of A. A. Markov], page 6.</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Naming Infinity: A True Story of Religious Mysticism and Mathematical Creativity|year=2009|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-03293-4|author1=Loren R. Graham|author2=Jean-Michel Kantor|accessdate=22 April 2012|page=69|quote=Markov (1856–1922), on the other hand, was an atheist and a strong critic of the Orthodox Church and the tzarist government (Nekrasov exaggeratedly called him a Marxist).}}</ref>
 
[[File:Literator Bridges Grave Markov.jpg|right|thumb|alt=Markov's headstone|Markov's [[headstone]]]]
In 1913, the council of St. Petersburg elected nine scientists honorary members of the university. Markov was among them, but his election was not affirmed by the minister of education. The affirmation only occurred four years later, after the [[February Revolution]] in 1917. Markov then resumed his teaching activities and lectured on probability theory and the calculus of differences until his death in 1922.
 
== See also ==
{{Div col||20em}}
* [[Chebyshev–Markov–Stieltjes inequalities]]
* [[Gauss–Markov theorem]]
* [[Gauss–Markov process]]
* [[Hidden Markov model]]
* [[Markov blanket]]
* [[Markov chain Monte Carlo]]
* [[Markov decision process]]
* [[Markov's inequality]]
* [[Markov information source]]
* [[Markov random field|Markov network]]
* [[Markov number]]
* [[Markov property]]
* [[Markov process]]
* [[Subjunctive possibility]]
{{Div col end}}
 
== Notes ==
{{Reflist|2}}
 
== References ==
* А. А. Марков. "Распространение закона больших чисел на величины, зависящие друг от друга". "Известия Физико-математического общества при Казанском университете", 2-я серия, том 15, ст. 135–156, 1906.
* A.A. Markov.  "Extension of the limit theorems of probability theory to a sum of variables connected in a chain". reprinted in Appendix B of: R. Howard.  ''Dynamic Probabilistic Systems, volume 1: Markov Chains''. John Wiley and Sons, 1971.
 
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Andrey Markov}}
*{{MathGenealogy | id=12543 | title=Andrei Andreyevich Markov}}
*{{MacTutor | id=Markov | title=Andrei Andreyevich Markov}}
* [http://www.apmath.spbu.ru/ru/misc/markov.html Biography of A.A. Markov by his son, A.A. Markov-jnr] {{ru icon}}
*{{Worldcat id|lccn-n81-18668}}
 
{{Authority control|VIAF=13099585|LCCN=n/81/18668|GND=171618807}}
 
<!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->
{{Persondata
|NAME              = Markov, Andrey Andreyevich
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Markov, Andrei Andreyevich (birth name); Андре́й Андре́евич Ма́рков (Russian)
|SHORT DESCRIPTION = Russian mathematician
|DATE OF BIRTH    = June 14, 1856
|PLACE OF BIRTH    = Ryazan, Russia
|DATE OF DEATH    = July 20, 1922
|PLACE OF DEATH    = Petrograd, Russia
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Markov, Andrey}}
[[Category:1856 births|Markov, Andrei Andreevich]]
[[Category:1922 deaths|Markov, Andrei Andreevich]]
[[Category:19th-century Russian mathematicians]]
[[Category:20th-century mathematicians]]
[[Category:Russian atheists]]
[[Category:Russian mathematicians]]
[[Category:Former Eastern Orthodox Christians]]
[[Category:Probability theorists]]
[[Category:Saint Petersburg State University alumni]]
[[Category:Full Members of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1917–1925)]]
[[Category:People from Ryazan]]
[[Category:Russian statisticians]]

Latest revision as of 12:23, 7 January 2015

It is significant to learn which the consumption of red raspberry leaf tea (alone) to cause labor does not cause labor pains, i.e., it refuses to cause work, it merely assists to tone the muscles of the uterus. To cause work, you'll have to try a combination of points like strolling, acupuncture, home cleaning, etc., together with sipping certain raspberry tea. Try them just and just should you have crossed the delivery date or when your due date is rapidly approaching. Many females consume it in the form of ice cubes or as pills throughout the delivery to help ease the pain plus enhance the contractions. Women additionally grow the dosage once they are past their due date.

But is this safe?Indeed, these capsules are free from side effects plus may be utilized by both men and women. Imbued with all natural supplements, it comes with full reassurance without causing the body any side-effects.However, usually follow the dosages as per recommendations. This really is essential for the well-being of the body.

Note that the product contains caffeine, that is a stimulant that activates your central nervous system plus prompts the launch of stamina boosting chemicals inside the body. Caffeine is addictive plus has damaging effects on different organs, however, there is too small caffeine in the raspberry ketone supplement to result the classic caffeine jitters.

It is found which overweight persons have harmful dietary patterns. These persons eat too much because compared to what an average person would eat throughout meals. With the passage of time, the appetite of overweight people tends to strengthen. So, without control over the diet, how will one get the desired weight reduction even following following a daily exercise regime. Diet pills which actually function without rigorous exercise act because appetite suppressants plus assist to get rid of weight in a healthy means.

Many products claim which they will boost the metabolism. But, Dr. Oz recommends raspberry ketones as the most powerful choices.It helps to control adiponectin, that is a hormone that stimulates your body to boost the metabolism.

If any of the is happening do not waste time contact the medical emergencies instantly raspberry ketone diet. You can commonly be provided fluids intravenously plus additional insulin.

Laughter helps a lot. But it isn't easy to only laugh and be cheerful, whenever all your time is spent inside managing a house. Join a laughter club, or if time doesn't permit, join your older friends and have a laugh over the fun items we did throughout the school/college days. You can furthermore watch certain comic capers/comedy movies, really to make you feel rejuvenated. Do something which takes the load off you; anything that'll provide we pleasure.

Recent studies have proven that this might be not only another fat loss supplement, have proven which whenever chosen on a daily basis, HSL release assists further break down fat cells and generate health in methods which most persons dont. You are able to take capsules or as a powder in a favorite drinks, plus you can see results in as small as a couple of days. If you take these alongside the supplements youll discover a excellent life-style shift, 1 worth speaking regarding usually.