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Template:Infobox CPU architecture MIPS (originally an acronym for Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages) is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by MIPS Technologies (formerly MIPS Computer Systems, Inc.). The early MIPS architectures were 32-bit, with 64-bit versions added later. Multiple revisions of the MIPS instruction set exist, including MIPS I, MIPS II, MIPS III, MIPS IV, MIPS V, MIPS32, and MIPS64. The current revisions are MIPS32 (for 32-bit implementations) and MIPS64 (for 64-bit implementations).^[1]^[2] MIPS32 and MIPS64 define a control register set as well as the instruction set.

Several optional extensions are also available, including MIPS-3D which is a simple set of floating-point SIMD instructions dedicated to common 3D tasks,^[3] MDMX (MaDMaX) which is a more extensive integer SIMD instruction set using the 64-bit floating-point registers, MIPS16e which adds compression to the instruction stream to make programs take up less room,^[4] and MIPS MT, which adds multithreading capability.^[5]

Computer architecture courses in universities and technical schools often study the MIPS architecture.^[6] The architecture greatly influenced later RISC architectures such as Alpha.

MIPS implementations are primarily used in embedded systems such as Windows CE devices, routers, residential gateways, and video game consoles such as the Sony PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable. Until late 2006, they were also used in many of SGI's computer products. MIPS implementations were also used by Digital Equipment Corporation, NEC, Pyramid Technology, Siemens Nixdorf, Tandem Computers and others during the late 1980s and 1990s. In the mid to late 1990s, it was estimated that one in three RISC microprocessors produced was a MIPS implementation.^[7]

Versions of the MIPS instruction set

Processors based upon the MIPS instruction set have been in production since 1988. Over time several enhancements of the instruction set were made. The different revisions which have been introduced are MIPS I, MIPS II, MIPS III, MIPS IV and MIPS V. Each revision is a superset of its predecessors. When MIPS Technologies was spun out of Silicon Graphics again in 1998, they refocused on the embedded market. At that time, this superset property was found to be a problem, and the architecture definition was changed to define a 32-bit MIPS32 and a 64-bit MIPS64 instruction set.

MIPS I

Introduced in 1985 with the R2000.

MIPS II

Introduced in 1990 with the R6000.

MIPS III

Introduced in 1992 in the R4000. It adds 64-bit registers and integer instructions and a square root floating point instruction.

MIPS IV

MIPS IV is the fourth version of the architecture. It is a superset of MIPS III and is compatible with all existing versions of MIPS. The first implementation of MIPS IV was the R8000, which was introduced in 1994. MIPS IV added:

Register + register addressing for floating point loads and stores
Single- and double-precision floating point fused-multiply adds and subtracts
Conditional move instructions for both integer and floating-point
Extra condition bits in the floating point control and status register, bringing the total to eight

MIPS V

Announced on 21 October 1996 at the Microprocessor Forum 1996.^[8] MIPS V was designed to improve the performance of 3D graphics applications. In the mid-1990s, a major use of non-embedded MIPS microprocessors were graphics workstations from SGI. MIPS V was complemented by the integer-only MIPS Digital Media Extensions (MDMX) multimedia extensions, which were announced on the same date as MIPS V.^[9]

MIPS V implementations were never introduced. In 1997, SGI announced the "H1" or "Beast" and the "H2" or "Capitan" microprocessors. The former was to have been the first MIPS V implementation, and was due to be introduced in 1999. The "H1" and "H2" projects were later combined and were eventually canceled in 1998.

MIPS V added a new data type, the pair-single (PS), which consisted of two single-precision (32-bit) floating-point numbers stored in the existing 64-bit floating-point registers. Variants of existing floating-point instructions for arithmetic, compare and conditional move were added to operate on this data type in a SIMD fashion. New instructions were added for loading, rearranging and converting PS data. It was the first instruction set to exploit floating-point SIMD with existing resources.^[9]

MIPS32

Introduced in 1999 based on MIPS II with some additional features from MIPS III, MIPS IV, and MIPS V.

MIPS32 release 1

MIPS32 release 2

MIPS32 release 3

MIPS32 release 4

The R4 designation was skipped due to the disastrous Halt and Catch Fire bug of 2003.

MIPS32 release 5

Announced on December 6, 2012.^[10]

MIPS64

Introduced in 1999 based on MIPS V. NEC, Toshiba and SiByte (later acquired by Broadcom) each obtained licenses for the MIPS64 instruction set as soon as it was announced. Philips, LSI Logic, IDT, Raza Microelectronics, Inc., Cavium, Loongson Technology and Ingenic Semiconductor have since joined them.

Application-specific extensions

MCU

Enhancements for microcontroller applications.

SmartMIPS

Extends the MIPS32 Architectures with a set of security enhancements.

MDMX

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MIPS-3D

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MIPS16e

Contains 16-bit compressed code instructions. The core can execute both 16- and 32-bit instructions intermixed in the same program, and is compatible with both the MIPS32 and MIPS64 Architectures.

microMIPS

microMIPS32 and microMIPS64 are high performance code compression technologies that combine optimized 16- and 32-bit instructions in single, unified Instruction Set. As a complete ISA, microMIPS can operate standalone or in co-existence with the legacy-compatible MIPS32 instruction decoder, allowing programs to intermix 16- and 32-bit code without having to switch modes. microMIPS32 has 32x32b registers; 32 bits Virtual Address, up to 36 bits Physical Address (same as MIPS32). microMIPS64 has 32x64b registers; 64 bits Virtual Address, up to 59 bits Physical Address, adds 64- bit variables (same as MIPS64)

Microarchitectures based on the MIPS instruction set

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The first commercial MIPS model, the R2000, was announced in 1985. It added multiple-cycle multiply and divide instructions in a somewhat independent on-chip unit. New instructions were added to retrieve the results from this unit back to the register file; these result-retrieving instructions were interlocked.

The R2000 could be booted either big-endian or little-endian. It had thirty-one 32-bit general purpose registers, but no condition code register (the designers considered it a potential bottleneck), a feature it shares with the AMD 29000 and the Alpha. Unlike other registers, the program counter is not directly accessible.

The R2000 also had support for up to four co-processors, one of which was built into the main CPU and handled exceptions, traps and memory management, while the other three were left for other uses. One of these could be filled by the optional R2010 FPU, which had thirty-two 32-bit registers that could be used as sixteen 64-bit registers for double-precision.

MIPSel refers to a MIPS architecture using a little endian byte order. Since almost all MIPS microprocessors have the capability of operating with either little endian or big endian byte order, the term is used only for processors where little endian byte order has been pre-determined.

The R3000 succeeded the R2000 in 1988, adding 32 kB (soon increased to 64 kB) caches for instructions and data, along with cache coherency support for multiprocessor use. While there were flaws in the R3000s multiprocessor support, it still managed to be a part of several successful multiprocessor designs. The R3000 also included a built-in MMU, a common feature on CPUs of the era. The R3000, like the R2000, could be paired with a R3010 FPU. The R3000 was the first successful MIPS design in the marketplace, and eventually over one million were made. A speed-bumped version of the R3000 running up to 40 MHz, the R3000A delivered a performance of 32 VUPs (VAX Unit of Performance). The MIPS R3000A-compatible R3051 running at 33.8688 MHz was the processor used in the Sony PlayStation. Third-party designs include Performance Semiconductor's R3400 and IDT's R3500, both of them were R3000As with an integrated R3010 FPU. Toshiba's R3900 was a virtually first SoC for the early handheld PCs that ran Windows CE. A radiation-hardened variant for space applications, the Mongoose-V, is a R3000 with an integrated R3010 FPU.

The R4000 series, released in 1991, extended the MIPS instruction set to a full 64-bit architecture, moved the FPU onto the main die to create a single-chip microprocessor, and operated at a radically high internal clock speed (it was introduced at 100 MHz). However, in order to achieve the clock speed the caches were reduced to 8 kB each and they took three cycles to access. The high operating frequencies were achieved through the technique of deep pipelining (called super-pipelining at the time). The improved R4400 followed in 1993. It had larger 16 kB primary caches, largely bug-free 64-bit operation, and support for a larger L2 cache.

MIPS, now a division of SGI called MTI, designed the low-cost R4200, the basis for the even cheaper R4300i. A derivative of this microprocessor, the NEC VR4300, was used in the Nintendo 64 game console.^[11]

Quantum Effect Devices (QED), a separate company started by former MIPS employees, designed the R4600 Orion, the R4700 Orion, the R4650 and the R5000. Where the R4000 had pushed clock frequency and sacrificed cache capacity, the QED designs emphasized large caches which could be accessed in just two cycles and efficient use of silicon area. The R4600 and R4700 were used in low-cost versions of the SGI Indy workstation as well as the first MIPS based Cisco routers, such as the 36x0 and 7x00-series routers. The R4650 was used in the original WebTV set-top boxes (now Microsoft TV). The R5000 FPU had more flexible single precision floating-point scheduling than the R4000, and as a result, R5000-based SGI Indys had much better graphics performance than similarly clocked R4400 Indys with the same graphics hardware. SGI gave the old graphics board a new name when it was combined with R5000 in order to emphasize the improvement. QED later designed the RM7000 and RM9000 family of devices for embedded markets like networking and laser printers. QED was acquired by the semiconductor manufacturer PMC-Sierra in August 2000, the latter company continuing to invest in the MIPS architecture. The RM7000 included an on-board 256 kB level 2 cache and a controller for optional level three cache. The RM9xx0 were a family of SOC devices which included northbridge peripherals such as memory controller, PCI controller, gigabit ethernet controller and fast IO such as a hypertransport port.

The R8000 (1994) was the first superscalar MIPS design, able to execute two integer or floating point and two memory instructions per cycle. The design was spread over six chips: an integer unit (with 16 kB instruction and 16 kB data caches), a floating-point unit, three full-custom secondary cache tag RAMs (two for secondary cache accesses, one for bus snooping), and a cache controller ASIC. The design had two fully pipelined double precision multiply-add units, which could stream data from the 4 MB off-chip secondary cache. The R8000 powered SGI's POWER Challenge servers in the mid-1990s and later became available in the POWER Indigo2 workstation. Although its FPU performance fit scientific users quite well, its limited integer performance and high cost dampened appeal for most users, and the R8000 was in the marketplace for only a year and remains fairly rare.

In 1995, the R10000 was released. This processor was a single-chip design, ran at a faster clock speed than the R8000, and had larger 32 kB primary instruction and data caches. It was also superscalar, but its major innovation was out-of-order execution. Even with a single memory pipeline and simpler FPU, the vastly improved integer performance, lower price, and higher density made the R10000 preferable for most customers.

Later designs have all been based upon R10000 core. The R12000 used a 0.25 micrometre process to shrink the chip and achieve higher clock rates. The revised R14000 allowed higher clock rates with additional support for DDR SRAM in the off-chip cache. Later iterations are named the R16000 and the R16000A and feature increased clock speed and smaller die manufacturing compared with before.

Other members of the MIPS family include the R6000, an ECL implementation produced by Bipolar Integrated Technology. The R6000 introduced the MIPS II instruction set. Its TLB and cache architecture are different from all other members of the MIPS family. The R6000 did not deliver the promised performance benefits, and although it saw some use in Control Data machines, it quickly disappeared from the mainstream market.

History

RISC pioneer

In 1981, a team led by John L. Hennessy at Stanford University started work on what would become the first MIPS processor. The basic concept was to increase performance through the use of deep instruction pipelines. Pipelining as a basic technique was well known before (see IBM 801 for instance), but not developed into its full potential. CPUs are built up from a number of dedicated sub-units such as instruction decoders, ALUs (integer arithmetics and logic), load/store units (handling memory), and so on. In a traditional non-optimized design, a particular instruction in a program sequence must be (almost) completed before the next can be issued for execution; in a pipelined architecture, successive instructions can instead overlap in execution. For instance, at the same time a math instruction is fed into the floating point unit, the load/store unit can fetch the next instruction.

One major barrier to pipelining was that some instructions, like division, take longer to complete and the CPU therefore has to wait before passing the next instruction into the pipeline. One solution to this problem is to use a series of interlocks that allows stages to indicate that they are busy, pausing the other stages upstream. Hennessy's team viewed these interlocks as a major performance barrier since they had to communicate to all the modules in the CPU which takes time, and appeared to limit the clock speed. A major aspect of the MIPS design was to fit every sub-phase, including cache-access, of all instructions into one cycle, thereby removing any needs for interlocking, and permitting a single cycle throughput.

Although this design eliminated a number of useful instructions such as multiply and divide it was felt that the overall performance of the system would be dramatically improved because the chips could run at much higher clock rates. This ramping of the speed would be difficult with interlocking involved, as the time needed to set up locks is as much a function of die size as clock rate. The elimination of these instructions became a contentious point.

The other difference between the MIPS design and the competing Berkeley RISC involved the handling of subroutine calls. RISC used a technique called register windows to improve performance of these very common tasks, but this limited the maximum depth of multi-level calls. Each subroutine call required its own set of registers, which in turn required more real estate on the CPU and more complexity in its design. Hennessy felt that a careful compiler could find free registers without resorting to a hardware implementation, and that simply increasing the number of registers would not only make this simple, but increase the performance of all tasks.

In other ways the MIPS design was very much a typical RISC design. To save bits in the instruction word, RISC designs reduce the number of instructions to encode. The MIPS design uses 6 bits of the 32-bit word for the basic opcode;^[12] the rest may contain a single 26-bit jump address or it may have up to four 5-bit fields specifying up to three registers plus a shift value combined with another 6-bits of opcode; another format, among several, specifies two registers combined with a 16-bit immediate value, etc. This allowed this CPU to load up the instruction and the data it needed in a single cycle, whereas an (older) non-RISC design, such as the MOS Technology 6502 for instance, required separate cycles to load the opcode and the data. This was one of the major performance improvements that RISC offered. However, modern non-RISC designs achieve this speed by other means (such as queues in the CPU).

First hardware

In 1984 Hennessy was convinced of the future commercial potential of the design, and left Stanford to form MIPS Computer Systems. They released their first design, the R2000, in 1985, improving the design as the R3000 in 1988. These 32-bit CPUs formed the basis of their company through the 1980s, used primarily in SGI's series of workstations and later Digital Equipment Corporation DECstation workstations and servers. The SGI commercial designs deviated from the Stanford academic research by implementing most of the interlocks in hardware, supplying full multiply and divide instructions (among others). The designs were guided, in part, by software architect Earl Killian who designed the MIPS III 64-bit instruction-set extension, and led the work on the R4000 microarchitecture.^[13]^[14]

In 1991 MIPS released the first 64-bit microprocessor, the R4000. The R4000 has an advanced TLB where the entry contains not just virtual address but also the virtual address space id. Such buffer eliminates the major performance problems from microkernels^[15] that are slow on competing architectures (Pentium, PowerPC, Alpha) because of the need to flush the TLB on the frequent context switches. However, MIPS had financial difficulties while bringing it to market. The design was so important to SGI, at the time one of MIPS' few major customers, that SGI bought the company outright in 1992 in order to guarantee the design would not be lost. As a subsidiary of SGI, the company became known as MIPS Technologies.

Licensable architecture

In the early 1990s MIPS started licensing their designs to third-party vendors. This proved fairly successful due to the simplicity of the core, which allowed it to be used in a number of applications that would have formerly used much less capable CISC designs of similar gate count and price—the two are strongly related; the price of a CPU is generally related to the number of gates and the number of external pins. Sun Microsystems attempted to enjoy similar success by licensing their SPARC core but was not nearly as successful. By the late 1990s MIPS was a powerhouse in the embedded processor field. According to MIPS Technologies Inc., there was an exponential growth, with 48-million MIPS-based CPU shipments and 49% of total RISC CPU market share in 1997.^[16] MIPS was so successful that SGI spun off MIPS Technologies in 1998. Fully half of MIPS's income today comes from licensing their designs, while much of the rest comes from contract design work on cores that will then be produced by third parties.

In 1999 MIPS formalized their licensing system around two basic designs, the 32-bit MIPS32 (based on MIPS II with some additional features from MIPS III, MIPS IV, and MIPS V) and the 64-bit MIPS64 (based on MIPS V). NEC, Toshiba and SiByte (later acquired by Broadcom) each obtained licenses for the MIPS64 as soon as it was announced. Philips, LSI Logic and IDT have since joined them. Today, the MIPS cores are one of the most-used "heavyweight"Template:Clarify cores in the marketplace for computer-like devices (hand-held computers, set-top boxes, etc.).

Since the MIPS architecture is licensable, it has attracted several processor start-up companies over the years. One of the first start-ups to design MIPS processors was Quantum Effect Devices (see next section). The MIPS design team that designed the R4300i started the company SandCraft, which designed the R5432 for NEC and later produced the SR71000, one of the first out-of-order execution processors for the embedded market. The original DEC StrongARM team eventually split into two MIPS-based start-ups: SiByte which produced the SB-1250, one of the first high-performance MIPS-based systems-on-a-chip (SOC); while Alchemy Semiconductor (later acquired by AMD) produced the Au-1000 SoC for low-power applications. Lexra used a MIPS-like architecture and added DSP extensions for the audio chip market and multithreading support for the networking market. Due to Lexra not licensing the architecture, two lawsuits were started between the two companies. The first was quickly resolved when Lexra promised not to advertise their processors as MIPS-compatible. The second (about MIPS patent 4814976 for handling unaligned memory access) was protracted, hurt both companies' business, and culminated in MIPS Technologies giving Lexra a free license and a large cash payment.

Two companies have emerged that specialize in building multi-core devices using the MIPS architecture. Raza Microelectronics, Inc. purchased the product line from failing SandCraft and later produced devices that contained eight cores that were targeted at the telecommunications and networking markets. Cavium, originally a security processor vendor also produced devices with eight CPU cores, and later up to 32 cores, for the same markets. Both of these companies designed their cores in-house, just licensing the architecture instead of purchasing cores from MIPS.

The desktop

Template:Further2 Among the manufacturers which have made computer workstation systems using MIPS processors are SGI, MIPS Computer Systems, Inc., Whitechapel Workstations, Olivetti, Siemens-Nixdorf, Acer, Digital Equipment Corporation, NEC, and DeskStation.

Operating systems ported to the architecture include SGI's IRIX, Microsoft's Windows NT (until v4.0), Windows CE, Linux, BSD, UNIX System V, SINIX, QNX, and MIPS Computer Systems' own RISC/os.

There was speculation in the early 1990s that MIPS and other powerful RISC processors would overtake the Intel IA32 architecture. This was encouraged by the support of the first two versions of Microsoft's Windows NT for Alpha, MIPS and PowerPC—and to a lesser extent the Clipper architecture and SPARC. However, as Intel quickly released faster versions of their Pentium class CPUs, Microsoft Windows NT v4.0 dropped support for anything but IA32 and Alpha. With SGI's decision to transition to the Itanium and IA32 architectures in 2007 (following a 2006 Chapter 11 bankruptcy^[17]) and 2009 acquisition by Rackable Systems, Inc., support ended for the MIPS/IRIX consumer market in December, 2013 as originally scheduled. However, a support team still exists for special circumstances and refurbished systems that are still available on a limited basis.^[18]

Embedded markets

Through the 1990s, the MIPS architecture was widely adopted by the embedded market, including for use in computer networking, telecommunications, video arcade games, video game consoles, computer printers, digital set-top boxes, digital televisions, DSL and cable modems, and personal digital assistants.

The low power-consumption and heat characteristics of embedded MIPS implementations, the wide availability of embedded development tools, and knowledge about the architecture means use of MIPS microprocessors in embedded roles is likely to remain common.

Synthesizeable cores for embedded markets

In recent yearsTemplate:When most of the technology used in the various MIPS generations has been offered as IP-cores (building-blocks) for embedded processor designs. Both 32-bit and 64-bit basic cores are offered, known as the 4K and 5K. These cores can be mixed with add-in units such as FPUs, SIMD systems, various input/output devices, etc.

MIPS cores have been commercially successful, now being used in many consumer and industrial applications. MIPS cores can be found in newer Cisco, Linksys and Mikrotik's routerboard routers, cable modems and ADSL modems, smartcards, laser printer engines, set-top boxes, robots, handheld computers, Nintendo 64, Sony PlayStation 2 and Sony PlayStation Portable. In cellphone/PDA applications, MIPS has been largely unable to displace the incumbent, competing ARM architecture.

MIPS architecture processors include: IDT RC32438; ATI/AMD Xilleon; Alchemy Au1000, 1100, 1200; Broadcom Sentry5; RMI XLR7xx, Cavium Octeon CN30xx, CN31xx, CN36xx, CN38xx and CN5xxx; Infineon Technologies EasyPort, Amazon, Danube, ADM5120, WildPass, INCA-IP, INCA-IP2; Microchip Technology PIC32; NEC EMMA and EMMA2, NEC VR4181A, VR4121, VR4122, VR4181A, VR4300, VR5432, VR5500; Oak Technologies Generation; PMC-Sierra RM11200; QuickLogic QuickMIPS ESP; Toshiba Donau, Toshiba TMPR492x, TX4925, TX9956, TX7901.

MIPS-based supercomputers

One of the more interesting applications of the MIPS architecture is its use in massive processor count supercomputers. Silicon Graphics (SGI) refocused its business from desktop graphics workstations to the high-performance computing market in the early 1990s. The success of the company's first foray into server systems, the Challenge series based on the R4400 and R8000, and later R10000, motivated SGI to create a vastly more powerful system. The introduction of the integrated R10000 allowed SGI to produce a system, the Origin 2000, eventually scalable to 1024 CPUs using its NUMAlink cc-NUMA interconnect. The Origin 2000 begat the Origin 3000 series which topped out with the same 1024 maximum CPU count but using the R14000 and R16000 chips up to 700 MHz. Its MIPS based supercomputers were withdrawn in 2005 when SGI made the strategic decision to move to Intel's IA-64 architecture.

A high-performance computing startup called SiCortex introduced a massively parallel MIPS based supercomputer in 2007. The machines are based on the MIPS64 architecture and a high performance interconnect using a Kautz graph topology. The system is very power efficient and computationally powerful.Potter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. The most innovative aspect of the system was its multicore processing node which integrates six MIPS64 cores, a crossbar switch memory controller, interconnect DMA engine, Gigabit Ethernet and PCI Express controllers all on a single chip which consumes only 10 watts of power, yet has a peak floating point performance of 6 gigaFLOPS. The most powerful configuration, the SC5832, is a single cabinet supercomputer consisting of 972 such node chips for a total of 5832 MIPS64 processor cores and 8.2 teraFLOPS of peak performance.

Loongson

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File:Loongson 2F.jpg

The Loongson 2F MIPS64 CPU, part of China's 863 Program

Loongson is a MIPS-compatible family of microprocessors designed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The internal microarchitecture of Loongson microprocessors was designed independently by the Chinese, and early implementations of the family lacked four instructions patented by MIPS Technologies.^[19] In June 2009, ICT licenced the MIPS32 and MIPS64 architectures directly from MIPS Technologies.^[20]

Starting from 2006, a number of companies released Loongson-based computers, including nettops and netbooks designed for low-power use.^[21]^[22]

Dawning 6000

Mining Engineer (Excluding Oil ) Truman from Alma, loves to spend time knotting, largest property developers in singapore developers in singapore and stamp collecting. Recently had a family visit to Urnes Stave Church. The high-performance Dawning 6000, which has a projected speed of over one quadrillion operations per second, will incorporate the Loongson processor as its core. Dawning 6000 is currently jointly developed by the Institute of Computing Technology under the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Dawning Information Industry Company. Li Guojie, chairman of Dawning Information Industry Company and director and academician of the Institute of Computing Technology, said research and development of the Dawning 6000 is expected to be completed in two years. By then, Chinese-made high-performance computers will be expected to achieve two major breakthroughs: first, the adoption of domestic-made central processing units (CPUs); second, the existing cluster-based system structure of high-performance computers will be changed once the computing speed reaches one quadrillion operations per second.

MIPS I instruction formats

Instructions are divided into three types: R, I and J. Every instruction starts with a 6-bit opcode. In addition to the opcode, R-type instructions specify three registers, a shift amount field, and a function field; I-type instructions specify two registers and a 16-bit immediate value; J-type instructions follow the opcode with a 26-bit jump target.^[23]^[24]

The following are the three formats used for the core instruction set:

Type	-31- format (bits) -0-
R	opcode (6)	rs (5)	rt (5)	rd (5)	shamt (5)	funct (6)
I	opcode (6)	rs (5)	rt (5)	immediate (16)
J	opcode (6)	address (26)

MIPS assembly language

These are assembly language instructions that have direct hardware implementation, as opposed to pseudoinstructions which are translated into multiple real instructions before being assembled.

In the following, the register letters d, t, and s are placeholders for (register) numbers or register names.
C denotes a constant (immediate).
All the following instructions are native instructions.
Opcodes and funct codes are in hexadecimal.
The MIPS32 Instruction Set states that the word unsigned as part of Add and Subtract instructions, is a misnomer. The difference between signed and unsigned versions of commands is not a sign extension (or lack thereof) of the operands, but controls whether a trap is executed on overflow (e.g. Add) or an overflow is ignored (Add unsigned). An immediate operand CONST to these instructions is always sign-extended.

Integer

MIPS has 32 integer registers. Data must be in registers to perform arithmetic. Register $0 always holds 0 and register $1 is normally reserved for the assembler (for handling pseudo instructions and large constants).

The encoding shows which bits correspond to which parts of the instruction. A hyphen (-) is used to indicate don't cares.

Category	Name	Instruction syntax	Meaning	Format/opcode/funct			Notes/Encoding
Arithmetic	Add	add $d,$s,$t	$d = $s + $t	R	0	20₁₆	adds two registers, executes a trap on overflow 000000ss sssttttt ddddd--- --100000
	Add unsigned	addu $d,$s,$t	$d = $s + $t	R	0	21₁₆	as above but ignores an overflow 000000ss sssttttt ddddd--- --100001
	Subtract	sub $d,$s,$t	$d = $s - $t	R	0	22₁₆	subtracts two registers, executes a trap on overflow 000000ss sssttttt ddddd--- --100010
	Subtract unsigned	subu $d,$s,$t	$d = $s - $t	R	0	23₁₆	as above but ignores an overflow 000000ss sssttttt ddddd000 00100011
	Add immediate	addi $t,$s,C	$t = $s + C (signed)	I	8₁₆	-	Used to add sign-extended constants (and also to copy one register to another: addi $1, $2, 0), executes a trap on overflow 001000ss sssttttt CCCCCCCC CCCCCCCC
	Add immediate unsigned	addiu $t,$s,C	$t = $s + C (signed)	I	9₁₆	-	as above but ignores an overflow 001001ss sssttttt CCCCCCCC CCCCCCCC
	Multiply	mult $s,$t	LO = (($s * $t) << 32) >> 32; HI = ($s * $t) >> 32;	R	0	18₁₆	Multiplies two registers and puts the 64-bit result in two special memory spots - LO and HI. Alternatively, one could say the result of this operation is: (int HI,int LO) = (64-bit) $s * $t . See mfhi and mflo for accessing LO and HI regs.
	Multiply unsigned	multu $s,$t	LO = (($s * $t) << 32) >> 32; HI = ($s * $t) >> 32;	R	0	19₁₆	Multiplies two registers and puts the 64-bit result in two special memory spots - LO and HI. Alternatively, one could say the result of this operation is: (int HI,int LO) = (64-bit) $s * $t . See mfhi and mflo for accessing LO and HI regs.
	Divide	div $s, $t	LO = $s / $t HI = $s % $t	R	0	1A₁₆	Divides two registers and puts the 32-bit integer result in LO and the remainder in HI.^[23]
	Divide unsigned	divu $s, $t	LO = $s / $t HI = $s % $t	R	0	1B₁₆	Divides two registers and puts the 32-bit integer result in LO and the remainder in HI.
Data Transfer
	Load word	lw $t,C($s)	$t = Memory[$s + C]	I	23₁₆	-	loads the word stored from: MEM[$s+C] and the following 3 bytes.
	Load halfword	lh $t,C($s)	$t = Memory[$s + C] (signed)	I	21₁₆	-	loads the halfword stored from: MEM[$s+C] and the following byte. Sign is extended to width of register.
	Load halfword unsigned	lhu $t,C($s)	$t = Memory[$s + C] (unsigned)	I	25₁₆	-	As above without sign extension.
	Load byte	lb $t,C($s)	$t = Memory[$s + C] (signed)	I	20₁₆	-	loads the byte stored from: MEM[$s+C].
	Load byte unsigned	lbu $t,C($s)	$t = Memory[$s + C] (unsigned)	I	24₁₆	-	As above without sign extension.
	Store word	sw $t,C($s)	Memory[$s + C] = $t	I	2B₁₆	-	stores a word into: MEM[$s+C] and the following 3 bytes. The order of the operands is a large source of confusion.
	Store half	sh $t,C($s)	Memory[$s + C] = $t	I	29₁₆	-	stores the least-significant 16-bit of a register (a halfword) into: MEM[$s+C].
	Store byte	sb $t,C($s)	Memory[$s + C] = $t	I	28₁₆	-	stores the least-significant 8-bit of a register (a byte) into: MEM[$s+C].
	Load upper immediate	lui $t,C	$t = C << 16	I	F₁₆	-	loads a 16-bit immediate operand into the upper 16-bits of the register specified. Maximum value of constant is 2¹⁶-1
	Move from high	mfhi $d	$d = HI	R	0	10₁₆	Moves a value from HI to a register. Do not use a multiply or a divide instruction within two instructions of mfhi (that action is undefined because of the MIPS pipeline).
	Move from low	mflo $d	$d = LO	R	0	12₁₆	Moves a value from LO to a register. Do not use a multiply or a divide instruction within two instructions of mflo (that action is undefined because of the MIPS pipeline).
	Move from Control Register	mfcZ $t, $d	$t = Coprocessor[Z].ControlRegister[$d]	R	0		Moves a 4 byte value from Coprocessor Z Control register to a general purpose register. Sign extension.
	Move to Control Register	mtcZ $t, $d	Coprocessor[Z].ControlRegister[$d] = $t	R	0		Moves a 4 byte value from a general purpose register to a Coprocessor Z Control register. Sign extension.
Logical	And	and $d,$s,$t	$d = $s & $t	R	0	24₁₆	Bitwise and 000000ss sssttttt ddddd--- --100100
	And immediate	andi $t,$s,C	$t = $s & C	I	C₁₆	-	Leftmost 16 bits are padded with 0s 001100ss sssttttt CCCCCCCC CCCCCCCC
	Or	or $d,$s,$t	$d = $s \| $t	R	0	25₁₆	Bitwise or
	Or immediate	ori $t,$s,C	$t = $s \| C	I	D₁₆	-	Leftmost 16 bits are padded with 0s
	Exclusive or	xor $d,$s,$t	$d = $s ^ $t	R	0	26₁₆
	Nor	nor $d,$s,$t	$d = ~ ($s \| $t)	R	0	27₁₆	Bitwise nor
	Set on less than	slt $d,$s,$t	$d = ($s < $t)	R	0	2A₁₆	Tests if one register is less than another.
	Set on less than immediate	slti $t,$s,C	$t = ($s < C)	I	A₁₆	-	Tests if one register is less than a constant.
Bitwise Shift	Shift left logical immediate	sll $d,$t,shamt	$d = $t << shamt	R	0	0	shifts shamt number of bits to the left (multiplies by $2^{shamt}$ )
	Shift right logical immediate	srl $d,$t,shamt	$d = $t >> shamt	R	0	2₁₆	shifts shamt number of bits to the right - zeros are shifted in (divides by $2^{shamt}$ ). Note that this instruction only works as division of a two's complement number if the value is positive.
	Shift right arithmetic immediate	sra $d,$t,shamt	$\$d=\$t>>shamt+\left(\sum _{n=1}^{\text{shamt}}2^{32-n}\right)\cdot \left(\$t>>31\right)$	R	0	3₁₆	shifts shamt number of bits - the sign bit is shifted in (divides 2's complement number by $2^{shamt}$ )
	Shift left logical	sllv $d,$t,$s	$d = $t << $s	R	0	4 ₁₆	shifts $s number of bits to the left (multiplies by $2^{\$s}$ )
	Shift right logical	srlv $d,$t,$s	$d = $t >> $s	R	0	6₁₆	shifts $s number of bits to the right - zeros are shifted in (divides by $2^{\$s}$ ). Note that this instruction only works as division of a two's complement number if the value is positive.
	Shift right arithmetic	srav $d,$t,$s	$\$d=\$t>>\$s+\left(\sum _{n=1}^{\${\text{s}}}2^{32-n}\right)\cdot \left(\$t>>31\right)$	R	0	7₁₆	shifts $s number of bits - the sign bit is shifted in (divides 2's complement number by $2^{\$s}$ )
Conditional branch	Branch on equal	beq $s,$t,C	if ($s == $t) go to PC+4+4*C	I	4₁₆	-	Goes to the instruction at the specified address if two registers are equal. 000100ss sssttttt CCCCCCCC CCCCCCCC
Conditional branch	Branch on not equal	bne $s,$t,C	if ($s != $t) go to PC+4+4*C	I	5₁₆	-	Goes to the instruction at the specified address if two registers are not equal.
Unconditional jump	Jump	j C	PC = PC+4[31:28] . C*4	J	2₁₆	-	Unconditionally jumps to the instruction at the specified address.
	Jump register	jr $s	goto address $s	R	0	8₁₆	Jumps to the address contained in the specified register
	Jump and link	jal C	$31 = PC + 4; PC = PC+4[31:28] . C*4	J	3₁₆	-	For procedure call - used to call a subroutine, $31 holds the return address; returning from a subroutine is done by: jr $31. Return address is PC + 8, not PC + 4 due to the use of a branch delay slot which forces the instruction after the jump to be executed

Note: In MIPS assembly code, the offset for branching instructions can be represented by a label elsewhere in the code.

Note: There is no corresponding load lower immediate instruction; this can be done by using addi (add immediate, see below) or ori (or immediate) with the register $0 (whose value is always zero). For example, both addi $1, $0, 100 and ori $1, $0, 100 load the decimal value 100 into register $1.

Note: Subtracting an immediate can be done with adding the negation of that value as the immediate.

Floating point

MIPS has 32 floating-point registers. Two registers are paired for double precision numbers. Odd numbered registers cannot be used for arithmetic or branching, just as part of a double precision register pair.

Category	Name	Instruction syntax	Meaning	Format/opcode/funct	Notes/Encoding
Arithmetic	FP add single	add.s $x,$y,$z	$x = $y + $z		Floating-Point add (single precision)
	FP subtract single	sub.s $x,$y,$z	$x = $y - $z		Floating-Point subtract (single precision)
	FP multiply single	mul.s $x,$y,$z	$x = $y * $z		Floating-Point multiply (single precision)
	FP divide single	div.s $x,$y,$z	$x = $y / $z		Floating-Point divide (single precision)
	FP add double	add.d $x,$y,$z	$x = $y + $z		Floating-Point add (double precision)
	FP subtract double	sub.d $x,$y,$z	$x = $y - $z		Floating-Point subtract (double precision)
	FP multiply double	mul.d $x,$y,$z	$x = $y * $z		Floating-Point multiply (double precision)
	FP divide double	div.d $x,$y,$z	$x = $y / $z		Floating-Point divide (double precision)
Data Transfer	Load word coprocessor	lwcZ $x,CONST ($y)	Coprocessor[Z].DataRegister[$x] = Memory[$y + CONST]	I	Loads the 4 byte word stored from: MEM[$y+CONST] into a Coprocessor data register. Sign extension.
Data Transfer	Store word coprocessor	swcZ $x,CONST ($y)	Memory[$y + CONST] = Coprocessor[Z].DataRegister[$x]	I	Stores the 4 byte word held by a Coprocessor data register into: MEM[$y+CONST]. Sign extension.
Logical	FP compare single (eq,ne,lt,le,gt,ge)	c.lt.s $f2,$f4	if ($f2 < $f4) cond=1; else cond=0		Floating-point compare less than single precision
Logical	FP compare double (eq,ne,lt,le,gt,ge)	c.lt.d $f2,$f4	if ($f2 < $f4) cond=1; else cond=0		Floating-point compare less than double precision
Branch	branch on FP true	bc1t 100	if (cond == 1) go to PC+4+100		PC relative branch if FP condition
Branch	branch on FP false	bc1f 100	if (cond == 0) go to PC+4+100		PC relative branch if not condition

Pseudo instructions

These instructions are accepted by the MIPS assembler, although they are not real instructions within the MIPS instruction set. Instead, the assembler translates them into sequences of real instructions.

Name	instruction syntax	Real instruction translation	meaning
Move	move $rt,$rs	add $rt,$rs,$zero	R[rt]=R[rs]
Clear	clear $rt	add $rt,$zero,$zero	R[rt]=0
Not	not $rt, $rs	nor $rt, $rs, $zero	R[rt]=~R[rs]
Load Address	la $rd, LabelAddr	lui $rd, LabelAddr[31:16]; ori $rd,$rd, LabelAddr[15:0]	$rd = Label Address
Load Immediate	li $rd, IMMED[31:0]	lui $rd, IMMED[31:16]; ori $rd,$rd, IMMED[15:0]	$rd = 32 bit Immediate value
Branch unconditionally	b Label	beq $zero,$zero,Label	PC=Label
Branch and link	bal Label	bgezal $zero,Label	R[31]=PC+8; PC=Label
Branch if greater than	bgt $rs,$rt,Label	slt $at,$rt,$rs; bne $at,$zero,Label	if(R[rs]>R[rt]) PC=Label
Branch if less than	blt $rs,$rt,Label	slt $at,$rs,$rt; bne $at,$zero,Label	if(R[rs]<R[rt]) PC=Label
Branch if greater than or equal	bge $rs,$rt,Label	slt $at,$rs,$rt; beq $at,$zero,Label	if(R[rs]>=R[rt]) PC=Label
Branch if less than or equal	ble $rs,$rt,Label	slt $at,$rt,$rs; beq $at,$zero,Label	if(R[rs]<=R[rt]) PC=Label
Branch if greater than unsigned	bgtu $rs,$rt,Label	sltu $at,$rt,$rs; bne $at,$zero,Label	if(R[rs]>R[rt]) PC=Label
Branch if greater than zero	bgtz $rs,Label	slt $at,$zero,$rs; bne $at,$zero,Label	if(R[rs]>0) PC=Label
Branch if equal to zero	beqz $rs,Label	beq $rs,$zero,Label	if(R[rs]==0) PC=Label
Multiplies and returns only first 32 bits	mul $d, $s, $t	mult $s, $t; mflo $d	$d = $s * $t
Divides and returns quotient	div $d, $s, $t	div $s, $t; mflo $d	$d = $s / $t
Divides and returns remainder	rem $d, $s, $t	div $s, $t; mfhi $d	$d = $s % $t

Other instructions

NOP (no operation) (machine code 0x00000000, interpreted by CPU as sll $0,$0,0)
break (breaks the program, used by debuggers)
syscall (used for system calls to the operating system)

Compiler register usage

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The hardware architecture specifies that:

General purpose register $0 always returns a value of 0.
General purpose register $31 is used as the link register for jump and link instructions.
HI and LO are used to access the multiplier/divider results, accessed by the mfhi (move from high) and mflo commands.

These are the only hardware restrictions on the usage of the general purpose registers.

The various MIPS tool-chains implement specific calling conventions that further restrict how the registers are used. These calling conventions are totally maintained by the tool-chain software and are not required by the hardware.

**Registers for O32 Calling Convention**
Name	Number	Use	Callee must preserve?
$zero	$0	constant 0	Template:N/A
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To assist me understand and cater to your wants, inform me extra about your self and what you are searching for in my Buying or Renting enquiry type (click on green text accordingly). RES is the new and only business entry qualifying exams for Actual Estate Salespersons. Updates on the foundations, regulations, insurance policies and procedures pertaining to real property agency follow. Paper 2 - Actual Estate Salespersons Apply and Rules Most profitable real property transactions are performed thru exclusive agency - the popular methodology by each brokers and sellers. Underneath this arrangement, it's a healthy transaction and competition between purchaser and vendor's brokers. Of course buyer's agent will work very laborious to get you the listings to view and negotiate for you the property you need to purchase, while the vendor's agent would do the identical for their seller to earn the commission. Right now, we have lost all confidence in obtaining our dream house and at a superb deal by means of agents here except we wish to undergo this very frustrating and worrying dwelling buying course of in Singapore again. WE would in all probability just purchase in Hong Kong or again home in New York where real property agents have been more professionally educated and operated. bookstores and shops Mighty Minds Singapore Streets Listing Expat Properties
$s0–$s7	$16–$23	saved temporaries	Nice Eastern Life Assurance Co. Ltd, a leading insurance firm in Singapore and Malaysia, has integrated properties of their portfolio, particularly the residential, commercial and retail items for leasing. If you're buying a property that's under building or newly completed and hence not assessed for property tax yet, you will be billed for the property tax that begins from the TOP date. That is often inside one year of PRIME date for residential properties. Your lawyer would normally assist you in in search of any reimbursement of property tax from the vendor/developer if the property agents singapore (look here) is transferred to you after the TOP date. Stamp obligation is to be paid within 14 days from the date of acceptance of the OTP or Sale and Purchase (S&P) Agreement. For extra data, please go to www.iras.gov.sg Title search on the property to determine if the seller is in fact the rightful owner and whether or not there are any encumbrances on the property Skypark Residences EC Mainland Chinese have been the highest overseas traders in Australian actual property last 12 months, in line with Australia's International Funding Review Board. They purchased $5.9 billion value of property, accounting for eleven.four p.c of complete overseas funding in actual estate, FIRB mentioned. APM is a completely-owned subsidiary of ARA Asset Management Restricted and the Group's property management arm. We're the property supervisor for Suntec REIT's properties – Suntec Metropolis Mall and workplace towers in addition to the managing agent for The Management Company Strata Title Plan No. 2197. In case you are a international person and are focused on purchasing a restricted residential property, that you must download the authorised kind from the Is it a landed villas or a penthouse that you want? Nonetheless, additionally it is a nasty investment resolution to go in too early. As an instance you purchase a property near one of the new MRT station location on the Thomson line. Because it takes 10 years to be completed, you may need difficulties renting that place out to repay your mortgage funds. In addition, 10 years is a very long time when anything can occur including recession, new properties being announced, changes in rates of interest etc. All these can have an adverse impact on your property investment. On the whole, foreigners usually are not restricted from shopping for any house within a building; any flat or dwelling-house in an authorized condominium growth underneath the Planning Act. Nevertheless, a foreign person just isn't allowed to purchase all the flats inside a constructing or all of the items within the condominium development. Carefully inspect each part of the condominium, and ask a pal or a member of the family to provide a second opinion before you are taking a remaining determination. Shopping for a Rental With Bad Credit score Creditworthiness is one crucial issue, and while going for a condo at anywhere, as a everlasting residence or for a vacation, all the time follow your instincts. We must always not simply take a look at Singapore's property market alone b) the description of the property and the value; Properties in We now have a worldwide client base, and anyone wanting to sell, lease, invest, buy any Singapore properties prefers to visit our website especially in Asia. For Singapore actual estate, hotvictory is the place to go to as it helps in finding your ideally suited Singapore property. Since 1973, the Singapore Government has imposed restrictions on foreign ownership of personal residential property in Singapore. Such possession is governed by the Residential Property Act (the Act). Singapore firms and societies; Unit , Singapore Land Authority earlier than buying. For more details on application, go to the Singapore Land Authority website. Singapore limited legal responsibility partnership; or Singapore restricted liability partnership or a The sale is now on Tanjong Rhu, Singapore A Rental in Florida Property Tax At DBS, we offer a comprehensive vary of residence loan packages , with customisable rates, to suit your unique financing wants. In addition, we provide engaging renovation loans as well as bridging loans to assist ease your cash stream as you wait for your property sale proceeds. Looking for a extra economical method to entry extra funds for property funding? You may as well try DBS Assetline, a secured overdraft facility. Search for Home Celestine Administration is the proposed property fund manager of an actual property funding trust (Reit). The primary instrument executed referring to a sale and buy is liable to ad valorem obligation (i.e. full responsibility). Subsequent document(s), regarding the identical sale transaction, is liable to nominal obligation. Waterbay EC @ Punggol
$t8–$t9	$24–$25	temporaries	Hi! You have arrived here trying to find a reliable and ethical real estate agent in Singapore to assist with your property needs. Whether you are an expat, local or firm seeking to rent, let loose, purchase or sell, I have entry to the complete property market and supply the highest high quality, confirmed service to all my purchasers. In the final six month of 2013, $1.1 billion worth of potential transactions have been referred to worldwide agents by Juwai.com, the most important real estate portal that targets Chinese language patrons trying abroad. It was unclear what number of deals were actually completed. He and his co-employee in New York were referred a Chinese businessman by Juwai.com on the http://bh-weddings.club/ finish of last 12 months. The shopper gave them a budget of $one hundred million to put money into actual property in New York. They've been communicating over QQ Chat, a preferred immediate messenger in China run by Tencent, and the buyer has made plans to visit the U.S. metropolis to check out his options. Though most buyers want to check out properties in individual earlier than shopping for, some have agreed to long-distance offers. Condominium net presence Majority of dwelling-patrons begin their search online via portals equivalent to PropertyGuru It is handy, fast, and photographs can be found. All through its historical past, ERA has achieved quite a few "firsts" within the business together with the primary to provide an expert actual property training program, and the primary to be licensed SISIR ISO 9002 compliant. With the present market scenario it's essential to restructure your portfolio to HEDGE YOUR DANGERS so you can MAKE THE UTMOST PROFIT. Are you searching for an alternate job with no financial limits ? Maybeare simply tired of your demanding boss and questioning if the rumor of how well paid real property agents is true? What are some practical tips for fulfillment in the real property business? Only if you go each paper within the RES exams, can you apply for the salesperson license with Council of Estate Agency through Knight Frank. An annual payment of $299.60 is payable to CEA for this license via Knight Frank. Create a Monetary Finances.is important given the up and down of this unstable market place. Your monetary budget ought to plan to your advertising costs, any further costs equivalent to schooling and your forecasted income. Attention-grabbing, fascinated or still uncertain? Name Leon Low @ 9369 5588 and you could find out extra on how he and his Team members can assist you on this Real Property Enterprise. See you real soon! By guest contributor Getty Goh, Director of Ascendant Property , a real estate analysis and funding consultancy agency. Successful advertising and marketing efforts herald several affords. The dilemma facing all sellers is which provide to just accept. Smart cash would be on the highest provide with the least connected circumstances. Not all consumers would be willing to wait too long for an acceptance of their offer. Effective negotiating requires being prompt. In the event you feel it is a fair offer in your property, it's clever to negotiate instantly and enter into a gross sales contract. It might never be repeated. A chook in the hand is value two within the bush. All the time discuss with your agent as to the eligibility of the buyer, completion interval, and your legal obligations as a vendor. You have excitedly moved into your new crib, solely to grasp that the air-con is not working and the plumbing is choked. Can your agent negotiate with the vendor to pay for the repairs? Sorry, his palms are tied. To assist me understand and cater to your wants, inform me extra about your self and what you are searching for in my Buying or Renting enquiry type (click on green text accordingly). RES is the new and only business entry qualifying exams for Actual Estate Salespersons. Updates on the foundations, regulations, insurance policies and procedures pertaining to real property agency follow. Paper 2 - Actual Estate Salespersons Apply and Rules Most profitable real property transactions are performed thru exclusive agency - the popular methodology by each brokers and sellers. Underneath this arrangement, it's a healthy transaction and competition between purchaser and vendor's brokers. Of course buyer's agent will work very laborious to get you the listings to view and negotiate for you the property you need to purchase, while the vendor's agent would do the identical for their seller to earn the commission. Right now, we have lost all confidence in obtaining our dream house and at a superb deal by means of agents here except we wish to undergo this very frustrating and worrying dwelling buying course of in Singapore again. WE would in all probability just purchase in Hong Kong or again home in New York where real property agents have been more professionally educated and operated. bookstores and shops Mighty Minds Singapore Streets Listing Expat Properties
$k0–$k1	$26–$27	reserved for OS kernel	Template:N/A
$gp	$28	global pointer	Nice Eastern Life Assurance Co. Ltd, a leading insurance firm in Singapore and Malaysia, has integrated properties of their portfolio, particularly the residential, commercial and retail items for leasing. If you're buying a property that's under building or newly completed and hence not assessed for property tax yet, you will be billed for the property tax that begins from the TOP date. That is often inside one year of PRIME date for residential properties. Your lawyer would normally assist you in in search of any reimbursement of property tax from the vendor/developer if the property agents singapore (look here) is transferred to you after the TOP date. Stamp obligation is to be paid within 14 days from the date of acceptance of the OTP or Sale and Purchase (S&P) Agreement. For extra data, please go to www.iras.gov.sg Title search on the property to determine if the seller is in fact the rightful owner and whether or not there are any encumbrances on the property Skypark Residences EC Mainland Chinese have been the highest overseas traders in Australian actual property last 12 months, in line with Australia's International Funding Review Board. They purchased $5.9 billion value of property, accounting for eleven.four p.c of complete overseas funding in actual estate, FIRB mentioned. APM is a completely-owned subsidiary of ARA Asset Management Restricted and the Group's property management arm. We're the property supervisor for Suntec REIT's properties – Suntec Metropolis Mall and workplace towers in addition to the managing agent for The Management Company Strata Title Plan No. 2197. In case you are a international person and are focused on purchasing a restricted residential property, that you must download the authorised kind from the Is it a landed villas or a penthouse that you want? Nonetheless, additionally it is a nasty investment resolution to go in too early. As an instance you purchase a property near one of the new MRT station location on the Thomson line. Because it takes 10 years to be completed, you may need difficulties renting that place out to repay your mortgage funds. In addition, 10 years is a very long time when anything can occur including recession, new properties being announced, changes in rates of interest etc. All these can have an adverse impact on your property investment. On the whole, foreigners usually are not restricted from shopping for any house within a building; any flat or dwelling-house in an authorized condominium growth underneath the Planning Act. Nevertheless, a foreign person just isn't allowed to purchase all the flats inside a constructing or all of the items within the condominium development. Carefully inspect each part of the condominium, and ask a pal or a member of the family to provide a second opinion before you are taking a remaining determination. Shopping for a Rental With Bad Credit score Creditworthiness is one crucial issue, and while going for a condo at anywhere, as a everlasting residence or for a vacation, all the time follow your instincts. We must always not simply take a look at Singapore's property market alone b) the description of the property and the value; Properties in We now have a worldwide client base, and anyone wanting to sell, lease, invest, buy any Singapore properties prefers to visit our website especially in Asia. For Singapore actual estate, hotvictory is the place to go to as it helps in finding your ideally suited Singapore property. Since 1973, the Singapore Government has imposed restrictions on foreign ownership of personal residential property in Singapore. Such possession is governed by the Residential Property Act (the Act). Singapore firms and societies; Unit , Singapore Land Authority earlier than buying. For more details on application, go to the Singapore Land Authority website. Singapore limited legal responsibility partnership; or Singapore restricted liability partnership or a The sale is now on Tanjong Rhu, Singapore A Rental in Florida Property Tax At DBS, we offer a comprehensive vary of residence loan packages , with customisable rates, to suit your unique financing wants. In addition, we provide engaging renovation loans as well as bridging loans to assist ease your cash stream as you wait for your property sale proceeds. Looking for a extra economical method to entry extra funds for property funding? You may as well try DBS Assetline, a secured overdraft facility. Search for Home Celestine Administration is the proposed property fund manager of an actual property funding trust (Reit). The primary instrument executed referring to a sale and buy is liable to ad valorem obligation (i.e. full responsibility). Subsequent document(s), regarding the identical sale transaction, is liable to nominal obligation. Waterbay EC @ Punggol
$sp	$29	stack pointer	Nice Eastern Life Assurance Co. Ltd, a leading insurance firm in Singapore and Malaysia, has integrated properties of their portfolio, particularly the residential, commercial and retail items for leasing. If you're buying a property that's under building or newly completed and hence not assessed for property tax yet, you will be billed for the property tax that begins from the TOP date. That is often inside one year of PRIME date for residential properties. Your lawyer would normally assist you in in search of any reimbursement of property tax from the vendor/developer if the property agents singapore (look here) is transferred to you after the TOP date. Stamp obligation is to be paid within 14 days from the date of acceptance of the OTP or Sale and Purchase (S&P) Agreement. For extra data, please go to www.iras.gov.sg Title search on the property to determine if the seller is in fact the rightful owner and whether or not there are any encumbrances on the property Skypark Residences EC Mainland Chinese have been the highest overseas traders in Australian actual property last 12 months, in line with Australia's International Funding Review Board. They purchased $5.9 billion value of property, accounting for eleven.four p.c of complete overseas funding in actual estate, FIRB mentioned. APM is a completely-owned subsidiary of ARA Asset Management Restricted and the Group's property management arm. We're the property supervisor for Suntec REIT's properties – Suntec Metropolis Mall and workplace towers in addition to the managing agent for The Management Company Strata Title Plan No. 2197. In case you are a international person and are focused on purchasing a restricted residential property, that you must download the authorised kind from the Is it a landed villas or a penthouse that you want? Nonetheless, additionally it is a nasty investment resolution to go in too early. As an instance you purchase a property near one of the new MRT station location on the Thomson line. Because it takes 10 years to be completed, you may need difficulties renting that place out to repay your mortgage funds. In addition, 10 years is a very long time when anything can occur including recession, new properties being announced, changes in rates of interest etc. All these can have an adverse impact on your property investment. On the whole, foreigners usually are not restricted from shopping for any house within a building; any flat or dwelling-house in an authorized condominium growth underneath the Planning Act. Nevertheless, a foreign person just isn't allowed to purchase all the flats inside a constructing or all of the items within the condominium development. Carefully inspect each part of the condominium, and ask a pal or a member of the family to provide a second opinion before you are taking a remaining determination. Shopping for a Rental With Bad Credit score Creditworthiness is one crucial issue, and while going for a condo at anywhere, as a everlasting residence or for a vacation, all the time follow your instincts. We must always not simply take a look at Singapore's property market alone b) the description of the property and the value; Properties in We now have a worldwide client base, and anyone wanting to sell, lease, invest, buy any Singapore properties prefers to visit our website especially in Asia. For Singapore actual estate, hotvictory is the place to go to as it helps in finding your ideally suited Singapore property. Since 1973, the Singapore Government has imposed restrictions on foreign ownership of personal residential property in Singapore. Such possession is governed by the Residential Property Act (the Act). Singapore firms and societies; Unit , Singapore Land Authority earlier than buying. For more details on application, go to the Singapore Land Authority website. Singapore limited legal responsibility partnership; or Singapore restricted liability partnership or a The sale is now on Tanjong Rhu, Singapore A Rental in Florida Property Tax At DBS, we offer a comprehensive vary of residence loan packages , with customisable rates, to suit your unique financing wants. In addition, we provide engaging renovation loans as well as bridging loans to assist ease your cash stream as you wait for your property sale proceeds. Looking for a extra economical method to entry extra funds for property funding? You may as well try DBS Assetline, a secured overdraft facility. Search for Home Celestine Administration is the proposed property fund manager of an actual property funding trust (Reit). The primary instrument executed referring to a sale and buy is liable to ad valorem obligation (i.e. full responsibility). Subsequent document(s), regarding the identical sale transaction, is liable to nominal obligation. Waterbay EC @ Punggol
$fp	$30	frame pointer	Nice Eastern Life Assurance Co. Ltd, a leading insurance firm in Singapore and Malaysia, has integrated properties of their portfolio, particularly the residential, commercial and retail items for leasing. If you're buying a property that's under building or newly completed and hence not assessed for property tax yet, you will be billed for the property tax that begins from the TOP date. That is often inside one year of PRIME date for residential properties. Your lawyer would normally assist you in in search of any reimbursement of property tax from the vendor/developer if the property agents singapore (look here) is transferred to you after the TOP date. Stamp obligation is to be paid within 14 days from the date of acceptance of the OTP or Sale and Purchase (S&P) Agreement. For extra data, please go to www.iras.gov.sg Title search on the property to determine if the seller is in fact the rightful owner and whether or not there are any encumbrances on the property Skypark Residences EC Mainland Chinese have been the highest overseas traders in Australian actual property last 12 months, in line with Australia's International Funding Review Board. They purchased $5.9 billion value of property, accounting for eleven.four p.c of complete overseas funding in actual estate, FIRB mentioned. APM is a completely-owned subsidiary of ARA Asset Management Restricted and the Group's property management arm. We're the property supervisor for Suntec REIT's properties – Suntec Metropolis Mall and workplace towers in addition to the managing agent for The Management Company Strata Title Plan No. 2197. In case you are a international person and are focused on purchasing a restricted residential property, that you must download the authorised kind from the Is it a landed villas or a penthouse that you want? Nonetheless, additionally it is a nasty investment resolution to go in too early. As an instance you purchase a property near one of the new MRT station location on the Thomson line. Because it takes 10 years to be completed, you may need difficulties renting that place out to repay your mortgage funds. In addition, 10 years is a very long time when anything can occur including recession, new properties being announced, changes in rates of interest etc. All these can have an adverse impact on your property investment. On the whole, foreigners usually are not restricted from shopping for any house within a building; any flat or dwelling-house in an authorized condominium growth underneath the Planning Act. Nevertheless, a foreign person just isn't allowed to purchase all the flats inside a constructing or all of the items within the condominium development. Carefully inspect each part of the condominium, and ask a pal or a member of the family to provide a second opinion before you are taking a remaining determination. Shopping for a Rental With Bad Credit score Creditworthiness is one crucial issue, and while going for a condo at anywhere, as a everlasting residence or for a vacation, all the time follow your instincts. We must always not simply take a look at Singapore's property market alone b) the description of the property and the value; Properties in We now have a worldwide client base, and anyone wanting to sell, lease, invest, buy any Singapore properties prefers to visit our website especially in Asia. For Singapore actual estate, hotvictory is the place to go to as it helps in finding your ideally suited Singapore property. Since 1973, the Singapore Government has imposed restrictions on foreign ownership of personal residential property in Singapore. Such possession is governed by the Residential Property Act (the Act). Singapore firms and societies; Unit , Singapore Land Authority earlier than buying. For more details on application, go to the Singapore Land Authority website. Singapore limited legal responsibility partnership; or Singapore restricted liability partnership or a The sale is now on Tanjong Rhu, Singapore A Rental in Florida Property Tax At DBS, we offer a comprehensive vary of residence loan packages , with customisable rates, to suit your unique financing wants. In addition, we provide engaging renovation loans as well as bridging loans to assist ease your cash stream as you wait for your property sale proceeds. Looking for a extra economical method to entry extra funds for property funding? You may as well try DBS Assetline, a secured overdraft facility. Search for Home Celestine Administration is the proposed property fund manager of an actual property funding trust (Reit). The primary instrument executed referring to a sale and buy is liable to ad valorem obligation (i.e. full responsibility). Subsequent document(s), regarding the identical sale transaction, is liable to nominal obligation. Waterbay EC @ Punggol
$ra	$31	return address	Template:N/A

**Registers for N32 and N64 Calling Conventions^[25]**
Name	Number	Use	Callee must preserve?
$zero	$0	constant 0	Template:N/A
$at	$1	assembler temporary	Hi! You have arrived here trying to find a reliable and ethical real estate agent in Singapore to assist with your property needs. Whether you are an expat, local or firm seeking to rent, let loose, purchase or sell, I have entry to the complete property market and supply the highest high quality, confirmed service to all my purchasers. In the final six month of 2013, $1.1 billion worth of potential transactions have been referred to worldwide agents by Juwai.com, the most important real estate portal that targets Chinese language patrons trying abroad. It was unclear what number of deals were actually completed. He and his co-employee in New York were referred a Chinese businessman by Juwai.com on the http://bh-weddings.club/ finish of last 12 months. The shopper gave them a budget of $one hundred million to put money into actual property in New York. They've been communicating over QQ Chat, a preferred immediate messenger in China run by Tencent, and the buyer has made plans to visit the U.S. metropolis to check out his options. Though most buyers want to check out properties in individual earlier than shopping for, some have agreed to long-distance offers. Condominium net presence Majority of dwelling-patrons begin their search online via portals equivalent to PropertyGuru It is handy, fast, and photographs can be found. All through its historical past, ERA has achieved quite a few "firsts" within the business together with the primary to provide an expert actual property training program, and the primary to be licensed SISIR ISO 9002 compliant. With the present market scenario it's essential to restructure your portfolio to HEDGE YOUR DANGERS so you can MAKE THE UTMOST PROFIT. Are you searching for an alternate job with no financial limits ? Maybeare simply tired of your demanding boss and questioning if the rumor of how well paid real property agents is true? What are some practical tips for fulfillment in the real property business? Only if you go each paper within the RES exams, can you apply for the salesperson license with Council of Estate Agency through Knight Frank. An annual payment of $299.60 is payable to CEA for this license via Knight Frank. Create a Monetary Finances.is important given the up and down of this unstable market place. Your monetary budget ought to plan to your advertising costs, any further costs equivalent to schooling and your forecasted income. Attention-grabbing, fascinated or still uncertain? Name Leon Low @ 9369 5588 and you could find out extra on how he and his Team members can assist you on this Real Property Enterprise. See you real soon! By guest contributor Getty Goh, Director of Ascendant Property , a real estate analysis and funding consultancy agency. Successful advertising and marketing efforts herald several affords. The dilemma facing all sellers is which provide to just accept. Smart cash would be on the highest provide with the least connected circumstances. Not all consumers would be willing to wait too long for an acceptance of their offer. Effective negotiating requires being prompt. In the event you feel it is a fair offer in your property, it's clever to negotiate instantly and enter into a gross sales contract. It might never be repeated. A chook in the hand is value two within the bush. All the time discuss with your agent as to the eligibility of the buyer, completion interval, and your legal obligations as a vendor. You have excitedly moved into your new crib, solely to grasp that the air-con is not working and the plumbing is choked. Can your agent negotiate with the vendor to pay for the repairs? Sorry, his palms are tied. To assist me understand and cater to your wants, inform me extra about your self and what you are searching for in my Buying or Renting enquiry type (click on green text accordingly). RES is the new and only business entry qualifying exams for Actual Estate Salespersons. Updates on the foundations, regulations, insurance policies and procedures pertaining to real property agency follow. Paper 2 - Actual Estate Salespersons Apply and Rules Most profitable real property transactions are performed thru exclusive agency - the popular methodology by each brokers and sellers. Underneath this arrangement, it's a healthy transaction and competition between purchaser and vendor's brokers. Of course buyer's agent will work very laborious to get you the listings to view and negotiate for you the property you need to purchase, while the vendor's agent would do the identical for their seller to earn the commission. Right now, we have lost all confidence in obtaining our dream house and at a superb deal by means of agents here except we wish to undergo this very frustrating and worrying dwelling buying course of in Singapore again. WE would in all probability just purchase in Hong Kong or again home in New York where real property agents have been more professionally educated and operated. bookstores and shops Mighty Minds Singapore Streets Listing Expat Properties
$v0–$v1	$2–$3	values for function returns and expression evaluation	Hi! You have arrived here trying to find a reliable and ethical real estate agent in Singapore to assist with your property needs. Whether you are an expat, local or firm seeking to rent, let loose, purchase or sell, I have entry to the complete property market and supply the highest high quality, confirmed service to all my purchasers. In the final six month of 2013, $1.1 billion worth of potential transactions have been referred to worldwide agents by Juwai.com, the most important real estate portal that targets Chinese language patrons trying abroad. It was unclear what number of deals were actually completed. He and his co-employee in New York were referred a Chinese businessman by Juwai.com on the http://bh-weddings.club/ finish of last 12 months. The shopper gave them a budget of $one hundred million to put money into actual property in New York. They've been communicating over QQ Chat, a preferred immediate messenger in China run by Tencent, and the buyer has made plans to visit the U.S. metropolis to check out his options. Though most buyers want to check out properties in individual earlier than shopping for, some have agreed to long-distance offers. Condominium net presence Majority of dwelling-patrons begin their search online via portals equivalent to PropertyGuru It is handy, fast, and photographs can be found. All through its historical past, ERA has achieved quite a few "firsts" within the business together with the primary to provide an expert actual property training program, and the primary to be licensed SISIR ISO 9002 compliant. With the present market scenario it's essential to restructure your portfolio to HEDGE YOUR DANGERS so you can MAKE THE UTMOST PROFIT. Are you searching for an alternate job with no financial limits ? Maybeare simply tired of your demanding boss and questioning if the rumor of how well paid real property agents is true? What are some practical tips for fulfillment in the real property business? Only if you go each paper within the RES exams, can you apply for the salesperson license with Council of Estate Agency through Knight Frank. An annual payment of $299.60 is payable to CEA for this license via Knight Frank. Create a Monetary Finances.is important given the up and down of this unstable market place. Your monetary budget ought to plan to your advertising costs, any further costs equivalent to schooling and your forecasted income. Attention-grabbing, fascinated or still uncertain? Name Leon Low @ 9369 5588 and you could find out extra on how he and his Team members can assist you on this Real Property Enterprise. See you real soon! By guest contributor Getty Goh, Director of Ascendant Property , a real estate analysis and funding consultancy agency. Successful advertising and marketing efforts herald several affords. The dilemma facing all sellers is which provide to just accept. Smart cash would be on the highest provide with the least connected circumstances. Not all consumers would be willing to wait too long for an acceptance of their offer. Effective negotiating requires being prompt. In the event you feel it is a fair offer in your property, it's clever to negotiate instantly and enter into a gross sales contract. It might never be repeated. A chook in the hand is value two within the bush. All the time discuss with your agent as to the eligibility of the buyer, completion interval, and your legal obligations as a vendor. You have excitedly moved into your new crib, solely to grasp that the air-con is not working and the plumbing is choked. Can your agent negotiate with the vendor to pay for the repairs? Sorry, his palms are tied. To assist me understand and cater to your wants, inform me extra about your self and what you are searching for in my Buying or Renting enquiry type (click on green text accordingly). RES is the new and only business entry qualifying exams for Actual Estate Salespersons. Updates on the foundations, regulations, insurance policies and procedures pertaining to real property agency follow. Paper 2 - Actual Estate Salespersons Apply and Rules Most profitable real property transactions are performed thru exclusive agency - the popular methodology by each brokers and sellers. Underneath this arrangement, it's a healthy transaction and competition between purchaser and vendor's brokers. Of course buyer's agent will work very laborious to get you the listings to view and negotiate for you the property you need to purchase, while the vendor's agent would do the identical for their seller to earn the commission. Right now, we have lost all confidence in obtaining our dream house and at a superb deal by means of agents here except we wish to undergo this very frustrating and worrying dwelling buying course of in Singapore again. WE would in all probability just purchase in Hong Kong or again home in New York where real property agents have been more professionally educated and operated. bookstores and shops Mighty Minds Singapore Streets Listing Expat Properties
$a0–$a7	$4–$11	function arguments	Hi! You have arrived here trying to find a reliable and ethical real estate agent in Singapore to assist with your property needs. Whether you are an expat, local or firm seeking to rent, let loose, purchase or sell, I have entry to the complete property market and supply the highest high quality, confirmed service to all my purchasers. In the final six month of 2013, $1.1 billion worth of potential transactions have been referred to worldwide agents by Juwai.com, the most important real estate portal that targets Chinese language patrons trying abroad. It was unclear what number of deals were actually completed. He and his co-employee in New York were referred a Chinese businessman by Juwai.com on the http://bh-weddings.club/ finish of last 12 months. The shopper gave them a budget of $one hundred million to put money into actual property in New York. They've been communicating over QQ Chat, a preferred immediate messenger in China run by Tencent, and the buyer has made plans to visit the U.S. metropolis to check out his options. Though most buyers want to check out properties in individual earlier than shopping for, some have agreed to long-distance offers. Condominium net presence Majority of dwelling-patrons begin their search online via portals equivalent to PropertyGuru It is handy, fast, and photographs can be found. All through its historical past, ERA has achieved quite a few "firsts" within the business together with the primary to provide an expert actual property training program, and the primary to be licensed SISIR ISO 9002 compliant. With the present market scenario it's essential to restructure your portfolio to HEDGE YOUR DANGERS so you can MAKE THE UTMOST PROFIT. Are you searching for an alternate job with no financial limits ? Maybeare simply tired of your demanding boss and questioning if the rumor of how well paid real property agents is true? What are some practical tips for fulfillment in the real property business? Only if you go each paper within the RES exams, can you apply for the salesperson license with Council of Estate Agency through Knight Frank. An annual payment of $299.60 is payable to CEA for this license via Knight Frank. Create a Monetary Finances.is important given the up and down of this unstable market place. Your monetary budget ought to plan to your advertising costs, any further costs equivalent to schooling and your forecasted income. Attention-grabbing, fascinated or still uncertain? Name Leon Low @ 9369 5588 and you could find out extra on how he and his Team members can assist you on this Real Property Enterprise. See you real soon! By guest contributor Getty Goh, Director of Ascendant Property , a real estate analysis and funding consultancy agency. Successful advertising and marketing efforts herald several affords. The dilemma facing all sellers is which provide to just accept. Smart cash would be on the highest provide with the least connected circumstances. Not all consumers would be willing to wait too long for an acceptance of their offer. Effective negotiating requires being prompt. In the event you feel it is a fair offer in your property, it's clever to negotiate instantly and enter into a gross sales contract. It might never be repeated. A chook in the hand is value two within the bush. All the time discuss with your agent as to the eligibility of the buyer, completion interval, and your legal obligations as a vendor. You have excitedly moved into your new crib, solely to grasp that the air-con is not working and the plumbing is choked. Can your agent negotiate with the vendor to pay for the repairs? Sorry, his palms are tied. To assist me understand and cater to your wants, inform me extra about your self and what you are searching for in my Buying or Renting enquiry type (click on green text accordingly). RES is the new and only business entry qualifying exams for Actual Estate Salespersons. Updates on the foundations, regulations, insurance policies and procedures pertaining to real property agency follow. Paper 2 - Actual Estate Salespersons Apply and Rules Most profitable real property transactions are performed thru exclusive agency - the popular methodology by each brokers and sellers. Underneath this arrangement, it's a healthy transaction and competition between purchaser and vendor's brokers. Of course buyer's agent will work very laborious to get you the listings to view and negotiate for you the property you need to purchase, while the vendor's agent would do the identical for their seller to earn the commission. Right now, we have lost all confidence in obtaining our dream house and at a superb deal by means of agents here except we wish to undergo this very frustrating and worrying dwelling buying course of in Singapore again. WE would in all probability just purchase in Hong Kong or again home in New York where real property agents have been more professionally educated and operated. bookstores and shops Mighty Minds Singapore Streets Listing Expat Properties
$t4–$t7	$12–$15	temporaries	Hi! You have arrived here trying to find a reliable and ethical real estate agent in Singapore to assist with your property needs. Whether you are an expat, local or firm seeking to rent, let loose, purchase or sell, I have entry to the complete property market and supply the highest high quality, confirmed service to all my purchasers. In the final six month of 2013, $1.1 billion worth of potential transactions have been referred to worldwide agents by Juwai.com, the most important real estate portal that targets Chinese language patrons trying abroad. It was unclear what number of deals were actually completed. He and his co-employee in New York were referred a Chinese businessman by Juwai.com on the http://bh-weddings.club/ finish of last 12 months. The shopper gave them a budget of $one hundred million to put money into actual property in New York. They've been communicating over QQ Chat, a preferred immediate messenger in China run by Tencent, and the buyer has made plans to visit the U.S. metropolis to check out his options. Though most buyers want to check out properties in individual earlier than shopping for, some have agreed to long-distance offers. Condominium net presence Majority of dwelling-patrons begin their search online via portals equivalent to PropertyGuru It is handy, fast, and photographs can be found. All through its historical past, ERA has achieved quite a few "firsts" within the business together with the primary to provide an expert actual property training program, and the primary to be licensed SISIR ISO 9002 compliant. With the present market scenario it's essential to restructure your portfolio to HEDGE YOUR DANGERS so you can MAKE THE UTMOST PROFIT. Are you searching for an alternate job with no financial limits ? Maybeare simply tired of your demanding boss and questioning if the rumor of how well paid real property agents is true? What are some practical tips for fulfillment in the real property business? Only if you go each paper within the RES exams, can you apply for the salesperson license with Council of Estate Agency through Knight Frank. An annual payment of $299.60 is payable to CEA for this license via Knight Frank. Create a Monetary Finances.is important given the up and down of this unstable market place. Your monetary budget ought to plan to your advertising costs, any further costs equivalent to schooling and your forecasted income. Attention-grabbing, fascinated or still uncertain? Name Leon Low @ 9369 5588 and you could find out extra on how he and his Team members can assist you on this Real Property Enterprise. See you real soon! By guest contributor Getty Goh, Director of Ascendant Property , a real estate analysis and funding consultancy agency. Successful advertising and marketing efforts herald several affords. The dilemma facing all sellers is which provide to just accept. Smart cash would be on the highest provide with the least connected circumstances. Not all consumers would be willing to wait too long for an acceptance of their offer. Effective negotiating requires being prompt. In the event you feel it is a fair offer in your property, it's clever to negotiate instantly and enter into a gross sales contract. It might never be repeated. A chook in the hand is value two within the bush. All the time discuss with your agent as to the eligibility of the buyer, completion interval, and your legal obligations as a vendor. You have excitedly moved into your new crib, solely to grasp that the air-con is not working and the plumbing is choked. Can your agent negotiate with the vendor to pay for the repairs? Sorry, his palms are tied. To assist me understand and cater to your wants, inform me extra about your self and what you are searching for in my Buying or Renting enquiry type (click on green text accordingly). RES is the new and only business entry qualifying exams for Actual Estate Salespersons. Updates on the foundations, regulations, insurance policies and procedures pertaining to real property agency follow. Paper 2 - Actual Estate Salespersons Apply and Rules Most profitable real property transactions are performed thru exclusive agency - the popular methodology by each brokers and sellers. Underneath this arrangement, it's a healthy transaction and competition between purchaser and vendor's brokers. Of course buyer's agent will work very laborious to get you the listings to view and negotiate for you the property you need to purchase, while the vendor's agent would do the identical for their seller to earn the commission. Right now, we have lost all confidence in obtaining our dream house and at a superb deal by means of agents here except we wish to undergo this very frustrating and worrying dwelling buying course of in Singapore again. WE would in all probability just purchase in Hong Kong or again home in New York where real property agents have been more professionally educated and operated. bookstores and shops Mighty Minds Singapore Streets Listing Expat Properties
$s0–$s7	$16–$23	saved temporaries	Nice Eastern Life Assurance Co. Ltd, a leading insurance firm in Singapore and Malaysia, has integrated properties of their portfolio, particularly the residential, commercial and retail items for leasing. If you're buying a property that's under building or newly completed and hence not assessed for property tax yet, you will be billed for the property tax that begins from the TOP date. That is often inside one year of PRIME date for residential properties. Your lawyer would normally assist you in in search of any reimbursement of property tax from the vendor/developer if the property agents singapore (look here) is transferred to you after the TOP date. Stamp obligation is to be paid within 14 days from the date of acceptance of the OTP or Sale and Purchase (S&P) Agreement. For extra data, please go to www.iras.gov.sg Title search on the property to determine if the seller is in fact the rightful owner and whether or not there are any encumbrances on the property Skypark Residences EC Mainland Chinese have been the highest overseas traders in Australian actual property last 12 months, in line with Australia's International Funding Review Board. They purchased $5.9 billion value of property, accounting for eleven.four p.c of complete overseas funding in actual estate, FIRB mentioned. APM is a completely-owned subsidiary of ARA Asset Management Restricted and the Group's property management arm. We're the property supervisor for Suntec REIT's properties – Suntec Metropolis Mall and workplace towers in addition to the managing agent for The Management Company Strata Title Plan No. 2197. In case you are a international person and are focused on purchasing a restricted residential property, that you must download the authorised kind from the Is it a landed villas or a penthouse that you want? Nonetheless, additionally it is a nasty investment resolution to go in too early. As an instance you purchase a property near one of the new MRT station location on the Thomson line. Because it takes 10 years to be completed, you may need difficulties renting that place out to repay your mortgage funds. In addition, 10 years is a very long time when anything can occur including recession, new properties being announced, changes in rates of interest etc. All these can have an adverse impact on your property investment. On the whole, foreigners usually are not restricted from shopping for any house within a building; any flat or dwelling-house in an authorized condominium growth underneath the Planning Act. Nevertheless, a foreign person just isn't allowed to purchase all the flats inside a constructing or all of the items within the condominium development. Carefully inspect each part of the condominium, and ask a pal or a member of the family to provide a second opinion before you are taking a remaining determination. Shopping for a Rental With Bad Credit score Creditworthiness is one crucial issue, and while going for a condo at anywhere, as a everlasting residence or for a vacation, all the time follow your instincts. We must always not simply take a look at Singapore's property market alone b) the description of the property and the value; Properties in We now have a worldwide client base, and anyone wanting to sell, lease, invest, buy any Singapore properties prefers to visit our website especially in Asia. For Singapore actual estate, hotvictory is the place to go to as it helps in finding your ideally suited Singapore property. Since 1973, the Singapore Government has imposed restrictions on foreign ownership of personal residential property in Singapore. Such possession is governed by the Residential Property Act (the Act). Singapore firms and societies; Unit , Singapore Land Authority earlier than buying. For more details on application, go to the Singapore Land Authority website. Singapore limited legal responsibility partnership; or Singapore restricted liability partnership or a The sale is now on Tanjong Rhu, Singapore A Rental in Florida Property Tax At DBS, we offer a comprehensive vary of residence loan packages , with customisable rates, to suit your unique financing wants. In addition, we provide engaging renovation loans as well as bridging loans to assist ease your cash stream as you wait for your property sale proceeds. Looking for a extra economical method to entry extra funds for property funding? You may as well try DBS Assetline, a secured overdraft facility. Search for Home Celestine Administration is the proposed property fund manager of an actual property funding trust (Reit). The primary instrument executed referring to a sale and buy is liable to ad valorem obligation (i.e. full responsibility). Subsequent document(s), regarding the identical sale transaction, is liable to nominal obligation. Waterbay EC @ Punggol
$t8–$t9	$24–$25	temporaries	Hi! You have arrived here trying to find a reliable and ethical real estate agent in Singapore to assist with your property needs. Whether you are an expat, local or firm seeking to rent, let loose, purchase or sell, I have entry to the complete property market and supply the highest high quality, confirmed service to all my purchasers. In the final six month of 2013, $1.1 billion worth of potential transactions have been referred to worldwide agents by Juwai.com, the most important real estate portal that targets Chinese language patrons trying abroad. It was unclear what number of deals were actually completed. He and his co-employee in New York were referred a Chinese businessman by Juwai.com on the http://bh-weddings.club/ finish of last 12 months. The shopper gave them a budget of $one hundred million to put money into actual property in New York. They've been communicating over QQ Chat, a preferred immediate messenger in China run by Tencent, and the buyer has made plans to visit the U.S. metropolis to check out his options. Though most buyers want to check out properties in individual earlier than shopping for, some have agreed to long-distance offers. Condominium net presence Majority of dwelling-patrons begin their search online via portals equivalent to PropertyGuru It is handy, fast, and photographs can be found. All through its historical past, ERA has achieved quite a few "firsts" within the business together with the primary to provide an expert actual property training program, and the primary to be licensed SISIR ISO 9002 compliant. With the present market scenario it's essential to restructure your portfolio to HEDGE YOUR DANGERS so you can MAKE THE UTMOST PROFIT. Are you searching for an alternate job with no financial limits ? Maybeare simply tired of your demanding boss and questioning if the rumor of how well paid real property agents is true? What are some practical tips for fulfillment in the real property business? Only if you go each paper within the RES exams, can you apply for the salesperson license with Council of Estate Agency through Knight Frank. An annual payment of $299.60 is payable to CEA for this license via Knight Frank. Create a Monetary Finances.is important given the up and down of this unstable market place. Your monetary budget ought to plan to your advertising costs, any further costs equivalent to schooling and your forecasted income. Attention-grabbing, fascinated or still uncertain? Name Leon Low @ 9369 5588 and you could find out extra on how he and his Team members can assist you on this Real Property Enterprise. See you real soon! By guest contributor Getty Goh, Director of Ascendant Property , a real estate analysis and funding consultancy agency. Successful advertising and marketing efforts herald several affords. The dilemma facing all sellers is which provide to just accept. Smart cash would be on the highest provide with the least connected circumstances. Not all consumers would be willing to wait too long for an acceptance of their offer. Effective negotiating requires being prompt. In the event you feel it is a fair offer in your property, it's clever to negotiate instantly and enter into a gross sales contract. It might never be repeated. A chook in the hand is value two within the bush. All the time discuss with your agent as to the eligibility of the buyer, completion interval, and your legal obligations as a vendor. You have excitedly moved into your new crib, solely to grasp that the air-con is not working and the plumbing is choked. Can your agent negotiate with the vendor to pay for the repairs? Sorry, his palms are tied. To assist me understand and cater to your wants, inform me extra about your self and what you are searching for in my Buying or Renting enquiry type (click on green text accordingly). RES is the new and only business entry qualifying exams for Actual Estate Salespersons. Updates on the foundations, regulations, insurance policies and procedures pertaining to real property agency follow. Paper 2 - Actual Estate Salespersons Apply and Rules Most profitable real property transactions are performed thru exclusive agency - the popular methodology by each brokers and sellers. Underneath this arrangement, it's a healthy transaction and competition between purchaser and vendor's brokers. Of course buyer's agent will work very laborious to get you the listings to view and negotiate for you the property you need to purchase, while the vendor's agent would do the identical for their seller to earn the commission. Right now, we have lost all confidence in obtaining our dream house and at a superb deal by means of agents here except we wish to undergo this very frustrating and worrying dwelling buying course of in Singapore again. WE would in all probability just purchase in Hong Kong or again home in New York where real property agents have been more professionally educated and operated. bookstores and shops Mighty Minds Singapore Streets Listing Expat Properties
$k0–$k1	$26–$27	reserved for OS kernel	Template:N/A
$gp	$28	global pointer	Nice Eastern Life Assurance Co. Ltd, a leading insurance firm in Singapore and Malaysia, has integrated properties of their portfolio, particularly the residential, commercial and retail items for leasing. If you're buying a property that's under building or newly completed and hence not assessed for property tax yet, you will be billed for the property tax that begins from the TOP date. That is often inside one year of PRIME date for residential properties. Your lawyer would normally assist you in in search of any reimbursement of property tax from the vendor/developer if the property agents singapore (look here) is transferred to you after the TOP date. Stamp obligation is to be paid within 14 days from the date of acceptance of the OTP or Sale and Purchase (S&P) Agreement. For extra data, please go to www.iras.gov.sg Title search on the property to determine if the seller is in fact the rightful owner and whether or not there are any encumbrances on the property Skypark Residences EC Mainland Chinese have been the highest overseas traders in Australian actual property last 12 months, in line with Australia's International Funding Review Board. They purchased $5.9 billion value of property, accounting for eleven.four p.c of complete overseas funding in actual estate, FIRB mentioned. APM is a completely-owned subsidiary of ARA Asset Management Restricted and the Group's property management arm. We're the property supervisor for Suntec REIT's properties – Suntec Metropolis Mall and workplace towers in addition to the managing agent for The Management Company Strata Title Plan No. 2197. In case you are a international person and are focused on purchasing a restricted residential property, that you must download the authorised kind from the Is it a landed villas or a penthouse that you want? Nonetheless, additionally it is a nasty investment resolution to go in too early. As an instance you purchase a property near one of the new MRT station location on the Thomson line. Because it takes 10 years to be completed, you may need difficulties renting that place out to repay your mortgage funds. In addition, 10 years is a very long time when anything can occur including recession, new properties being announced, changes in rates of interest etc. All these can have an adverse impact on your property investment. On the whole, foreigners usually are not restricted from shopping for any house within a building; any flat or dwelling-house in an authorized condominium growth underneath the Planning Act. Nevertheless, a foreign person just isn't allowed to purchase all the flats inside a constructing or all of the items within the condominium development. Carefully inspect each part of the condominium, and ask a pal or a member of the family to provide a second opinion before you are taking a remaining determination. Shopping for a Rental With Bad Credit score Creditworthiness is one crucial issue, and while going for a condo at anywhere, as a everlasting residence or for a vacation, all the time follow your instincts. We must always not simply take a look at Singapore's property market alone b) the description of the property and the value; Properties in We now have a worldwide client base, and anyone wanting to sell, lease, invest, buy any Singapore properties prefers to visit our website especially in Asia. For Singapore actual estate, hotvictory is the place to go to as it helps in finding your ideally suited Singapore property. Since 1973, the Singapore Government has imposed restrictions on foreign ownership of personal residential property in Singapore. Such possession is governed by the Residential Property Act (the Act). Singapore firms and societies; Unit , Singapore Land Authority earlier than buying. For more details on application, go to the Singapore Land Authority website. Singapore limited legal responsibility partnership; or Singapore restricted liability partnership or a The sale is now on Tanjong Rhu, Singapore A Rental in Florida Property Tax At DBS, we offer a comprehensive vary of residence loan packages , with customisable rates, to suit your unique financing wants. In addition, we provide engaging renovation loans as well as bridging loans to assist ease your cash stream as you wait for your property sale proceeds. Looking for a extra economical method to entry extra funds for property funding? You may as well try DBS Assetline, a secured overdraft facility. Search for Home Celestine Administration is the proposed property fund manager of an actual property funding trust (Reit). The primary instrument executed referring to a sale and buy is liable to ad valorem obligation (i.e. full responsibility). Subsequent document(s), regarding the identical sale transaction, is liable to nominal obligation. Waterbay EC @ Punggol
$sp	$29	stack pointer	Nice Eastern Life Assurance Co. Ltd, a leading insurance firm in Singapore and Malaysia, has integrated properties of their portfolio, particularly the residential, commercial and retail items for leasing. If you're buying a property that's under building or newly completed and hence not assessed for property tax yet, you will be billed for the property tax that begins from the TOP date. That is often inside one year of PRIME date for residential properties. Your lawyer would normally assist you in in search of any reimbursement of property tax from the vendor/developer if the property agents singapore (look here) is transferred to you after the TOP date. Stamp obligation is to be paid within 14 days from the date of acceptance of the OTP or Sale and Purchase (S&P) Agreement. For extra data, please go to www.iras.gov.sg Title search on the property to determine if the seller is in fact the rightful owner and whether or not there are any encumbrances on the property Skypark Residences EC Mainland Chinese have been the highest overseas traders in Australian actual property last 12 months, in line with Australia's International Funding Review Board. They purchased $5.9 billion value of property, accounting for eleven.four p.c of complete overseas funding in actual estate, FIRB mentioned. APM is a completely-owned subsidiary of ARA Asset Management Restricted and the Group's property management arm. We're the property supervisor for Suntec REIT's properties – Suntec Metropolis Mall and workplace towers in addition to the managing agent for The Management Company Strata Title Plan No. 2197. In case you are a international person and are focused on purchasing a restricted residential property, that you must download the authorised kind from the Is it a landed villas or a penthouse that you want? Nonetheless, additionally it is a nasty investment resolution to go in too early. As an instance you purchase a property near one of the new MRT station location on the Thomson line. Because it takes 10 years to be completed, you may need difficulties renting that place out to repay your mortgage funds. In addition, 10 years is a very long time when anything can occur including recession, new properties being announced, changes in rates of interest etc. All these can have an adverse impact on your property investment. On the whole, foreigners usually are not restricted from shopping for any house within a building; any flat or dwelling-house in an authorized condominium growth underneath the Planning Act. Nevertheless, a foreign person just isn't allowed to purchase all the flats inside a constructing or all of the items within the condominium development. Carefully inspect each part of the condominium, and ask a pal or a member of the family to provide a second opinion before you are taking a remaining determination. Shopping for a Rental With Bad Credit score Creditworthiness is one crucial issue, and while going for a condo at anywhere, as a everlasting residence or for a vacation, all the time follow your instincts. We must always not simply take a look at Singapore's property market alone b) the description of the property and the value; Properties in We now have a worldwide client base, and anyone wanting to sell, lease, invest, buy any Singapore properties prefers to visit our website especially in Asia. For Singapore actual estate, hotvictory is the place to go to as it helps in finding your ideally suited Singapore property. Since 1973, the Singapore Government has imposed restrictions on foreign ownership of personal residential property in Singapore. Such possession is governed by the Residential Property Act (the Act). Singapore firms and societies; Unit , Singapore Land Authority earlier than buying. For more details on application, go to the Singapore Land Authority website. Singapore limited legal responsibility partnership; or Singapore restricted liability partnership or a The sale is now on Tanjong Rhu, Singapore A Rental in Florida Property Tax At DBS, we offer a comprehensive vary of residence loan packages , with customisable rates, to suit your unique financing wants. In addition, we provide engaging renovation loans as well as bridging loans to assist ease your cash stream as you wait for your property sale proceeds. Looking for a extra economical method to entry extra funds for property funding? You may as well try DBS Assetline, a secured overdraft facility. Search for Home Celestine Administration is the proposed property fund manager of an actual property funding trust (Reit). The primary instrument executed referring to a sale and buy is liable to ad valorem obligation (i.e. full responsibility). Subsequent document(s), regarding the identical sale transaction, is liable to nominal obligation. Waterbay EC @ Punggol
$s8	$30	frame pointer	Nice Eastern Life Assurance Co. Ltd, a leading insurance firm in Singapore and Malaysia, has integrated properties of their portfolio, particularly the residential, commercial and retail items for leasing. If you're buying a property that's under building or newly completed and hence not assessed for property tax yet, you will be billed for the property tax that begins from the TOP date. That is often inside one year of PRIME date for residential properties. Your lawyer would normally assist you in in search of any reimbursement of property tax from the vendor/developer if the property agents singapore (look here) is transferred to you after the TOP date. Stamp obligation is to be paid within 14 days from the date of acceptance of the OTP or Sale and Purchase (S&P) Agreement. For extra data, please go to www.iras.gov.sg Title search on the property to determine if the seller is in fact the rightful owner and whether or not there are any encumbrances on the property Skypark Residences EC Mainland Chinese have been the highest overseas traders in Australian actual property last 12 months, in line with Australia's International Funding Review Board. They purchased $5.9 billion value of property, accounting for eleven.four p.c of complete overseas funding in actual estate, FIRB mentioned. APM is a completely-owned subsidiary of ARA Asset Management Restricted and the Group's property management arm. We're the property supervisor for Suntec REIT's properties – Suntec Metropolis Mall and workplace towers in addition to the managing agent for The Management Company Strata Title Plan No. 2197. In case you are a international person and are focused on purchasing a restricted residential property, that you must download the authorised kind from the Is it a landed villas or a penthouse that you want? Nonetheless, additionally it is a nasty investment resolution to go in too early. As an instance you purchase a property near one of the new MRT station location on the Thomson line. Because it takes 10 years to be completed, you may need difficulties renting that place out to repay your mortgage funds. In addition, 10 years is a very long time when anything can occur including recession, new properties being announced, changes in rates of interest etc. All these can have an adverse impact on your property investment. On the whole, foreigners usually are not restricted from shopping for any house within a building; any flat or dwelling-house in an authorized condominium growth underneath the Planning Act. Nevertheless, a foreign person just isn't allowed to purchase all the flats inside a constructing or all of the items within the condominium development. Carefully inspect each part of the condominium, and ask a pal or a member of the family to provide a second opinion before you are taking a remaining determination. Shopping for a Rental With Bad Credit score Creditworthiness is one crucial issue, and while going for a condo at anywhere, as a everlasting residence or for a vacation, all the time follow your instincts. We must always not simply take a look at Singapore's property market alone b) the description of the property and the value; Properties in We now have a worldwide client base, and anyone wanting to sell, lease, invest, buy any Singapore properties prefers to visit our website especially in Asia. For Singapore actual estate, hotvictory is the place to go to as it helps in finding your ideally suited Singapore property. Since 1973, the Singapore Government has imposed restrictions on foreign ownership of personal residential property in Singapore. Such possession is governed by the Residential Property Act (the Act). Singapore firms and societies; Unit , Singapore Land Authority earlier than buying. For more details on application, go to the Singapore Land Authority website. Singapore limited legal responsibility partnership; or Singapore restricted liability partnership or a The sale is now on Tanjong Rhu, Singapore A Rental in Florida Property Tax At DBS, we offer a comprehensive vary of residence loan packages , with customisable rates, to suit your unique financing wants. In addition, we provide engaging renovation loans as well as bridging loans to assist ease your cash stream as you wait for your property sale proceeds. Looking for a extra economical method to entry extra funds for property funding? You may as well try DBS Assetline, a secured overdraft facility. Search for Home Celestine Administration is the proposed property fund manager of an actual property funding trust (Reit). The primary instrument executed referring to a sale and buy is liable to ad valorem obligation (i.e. full responsibility). Subsequent document(s), regarding the identical sale transaction, is liable to nominal obligation. Waterbay EC @ Punggol
$ra	$31	return address	Template:N/A

Registers that are preserved across a call are registers that (by convention) will not be changed by a system call or procedure (function) call. For example, $s-registers must be saved to the stack by a procedure that needs to use them, and $sp and $fp are always incremented by constants, and decremented back after the procedure is done with them (and the memory they point to). By contrast, $ra is changed automatically by any normal function call (ones that use jal), and $t-registers must be saved by the program before any procedure call (if the program needs the values inside them after the call).

Simulators

Open Virtual Platforms (OVP)^[26] includes the freely available for non-commercial use simulator OVPsim, a library of models of processors, peripherals and platforms, and APIs which enable users to develop their own models. The models in the library are open source, written in C, and include the MIPS 4K, 24K, 34K, 74K, 1004K, 1074K, M14K, microAptiv, interAptiv, proAptiv 32 bit cores and the MIPS 64bit 5K range of cores. These models are created and maintained by Imperas^[27] and in partnership with MIPS Technologies have been tested and assigned the MIPS-Verified (tm) mark. Sample MIPS-based platforms include both bare metal environments and platforms for booting unmodified Linux binary images. These platforms–emulators are available as source or binaries and are fast, free for non-commercial usage, and are easy to use. OVPsim is developed and maintained by Imperas and is very fast (hundreds of million of instructions per second), and built to handle multicore homogeneous and heterogeneous architectures and systems.

There is a freely available MIPS32 simulator (earlier versions simulated only the R2000/R3000) called SPIM for use in education. EduMIPS64^[28] is a GPL graphical cross-platform MIPS64 CPU simulator, written in Java/Swing. It supports a wide subset of the MIPS64 ISA and allows the user to graphically see what happens in the pipeline when an assembly program is run by the CPU. It has educational purposes and is used in someTemplate:Who computer architecture courses in universities around the world.

MARS^[29] is another GUI-based MIPS emulator designed for use in education, specifically for use with Hennessy's Computer Organization and Design.

WebMIPS^[30] is a browser based MIPS simulator with visual representation of a generic, pipelined processor. This simulator is quite useful for register tracking during step by step execution.

More advanced free emulators are available from the GXemul (formerly known as the mips64emul project) and QEMU projects. These emulate the various MIPS III and IV microprocessors in addition to entire computer systems which use them.

Commercial simulators are available especially for the embedded use of MIPS processors, for example Wind River Simics (MIPS 4Kc and 5Kc, PMC RM9000, QED RM7000, Broadcom/Netlogic ec4400, Cavium Octeon I), Imperas (all MIPS32 and MIPS64 cores), VaST Systems (R3000, R4000), and CoWare (the MIPS4KE, MIPS24K, MIPS25Kf and MIPS34K).

References

43 year old Petroleum Engineer Harry from Deep River, usually spends time with hobbies and interests like renting movies, property developers in singapore new condominium and vehicle racing. Constantly enjoys going to destinations like Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.

External links

DTZ's auction group in Singapore auctions all types of residential, workplace and retail properties, retailers, homes, accommodations, boarding houses, industrial buildings and development websites. Auctions are at the moment held as soon as a month.

Whitehaven @ Pasir Panjang – A boutique improvement nicely nestled peacefully in serene Pasir Panjang personal estate presenting a hundred and twenty rare freehold private apartments tastefully designed by the famend Ong & Ong Architect. Only a short drive away from Science Park and NUS Campus, Jade Residences, a recent Freehold condominium which offers high quality lifestyle with wonderful facilities and conveniences proper at its door steps. Its fashionable linear architectural fashion promotes peace and tranquility living nestled within the D19 personal housing enclave. Rising workplace sector leads real estate market efficiency, while prime retail and enterprise park segments moderate and residential sector continues in decline International Market Perspectives - 1st Quarter 2014

There are a lot of websites out there stating to be one of the best seek for propertycondominiumhouse, and likewise some ways to discover a low cost propertycondominiumhouse. Owning a propertycondominiumhouse in Singapore is the dream of virtually all individuals in Singapore, It is likely one of the large choice we make in a lifetime. Even if you happen to're new to Property listing singapore funding, we are right here that will help you in making the best resolution to purchase a propertycondominiumhouse at the least expensive value.

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30 year-old Entertainer or Range Artist Wesley from Drumheller, really loves vehicle, property developers properties for sale in singapore singapore and horse racing. Finds inspiration by traveling to Works of Antoni Gaudí.

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↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 Gwennap, Linley (18 November 1996). "Digital, MIPS Add Multimedia Extensions". Microprocessor Report. pp. 24–28.
↑ http://www.mips.com/news-events/newsroom/newsindex/index.dot?id=79069 Announcing Release5
↑ NEC Offers Two High Cost Performance 64-bit RISC Microprocessors
↑ Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Computer Organization and Design, David A. Patterson & John L. Hennessy, Edition 3, ISBN 1-55860-604-1, page 63
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↑ Jochen Liedtke(1995). On micro kernel construction. 15th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, Copper Mountain Resort, Colorado.
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↑ China’s Institute of Computing Technology Licenses Industry-Standard MIPS Architectures
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↑ ^23.0 ^23.1 MIPS R3000 Instruction Set Summary
↑ MIPS Instruction Reference
↑ ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/doc/ABI2/MIPS-N32-ABI-Handbook.pdf
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↑ http://www.maiconsoft.com.br/webmips/index.asp (online demonstration) http://www.dii.unisi.it/~giorgi/WEBMIPS/ (source)

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[MPR:1996-11-18-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Gwennap, Linley (18 November 1996). "Digital, MIPS Add Multimedia Extensions". Microprocessor Report. pp. 24–28.

[10] ttp://www.mips.com/news-events/newsroom/newsindex/index.dot?id=79069 Announcing Release5

[11] NEC Offers Two High Cost Performance 64-bit RISC Microprocessors

[12] Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Computer Organization and Design, David A. Patterson & John L. Hennessy, Edition 3, ISBN 1-55860-604-1, page 63

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[15] Jochen Liedtke(1995). On micro kernel construction. 15th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, Copper Mountain Resort, Colorado.

[MIPS_Brochure-16] Template:Cite web

[17] Template:Cite web url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB114708367971646497.html

[18] Template:Cite web

[19] China's Microprocessor Dilemma

[20] China’s Institute of Computing Technology Licenses Industry-Standard MIPS Architectures

[21] Template:Cite web

[22] Template:Cite web

[uidaho-23] 23.0 ^23.1 MIPS R3000 Instruction Set Summary

[24] MIPS Instruction Reference

[25] tp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/doc/ABI2/MIPS-N32-ABI-Handbook.pdf

[26] Template:Cite web

[27] Template:Cite web

[28] Template:Cite web

[29] Template:Cite web

[30] ttp://www.maiconsoft.com.br/webmips/index.asp (online demonstration) http://www.dii.unisi.it/~giorgi/WEBMIPS/ (source)

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Muon

Versions of the MIPS instruction set

MIPS I

MIPS II

MIPS III

MIPS IV

MIPS V

MIPS32

MIPS32 release 1

MIPS32 release 2

MIPS32 release 3

MIPS32 release 4

MIPS32 release 5

MIPS64

Application-specific extensions

MCU

SmartMIPS

MDMX

MIPS-3D

MIPS16e

microMIPS

Microarchitectures based on the MIPS instruction set

History

RISC pioneer

First hardware

Licensable architecture

The desktop

Embedded markets

Synthesizeable cores for embedded markets

MIPS-based supercomputers

Loongson

Dawning 6000

MIPS I instruction formats

MIPS assembly language

Integer

Floating point

Pseudo instructions

Other instructions

Compiler register usage

Simulators

See also

References

Further reading

External links

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