Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy

2013-12-30T15:20:40Z

82.69.62.114: /* TCSPC */

{{for|other usage|Codex Claromontanus V}}
{{New Testament manuscript infobox
| form = Uncial
| number= '''06'''
| image = Codex claromontanus latin.jpg
| isize = 200
| caption= Page from Codex Clafomontanus
| name = Claromontanus
| sign = D
| text = [[Pauline Epistles]], [[Epistle to the Hebrews|Hebrews]]
| script= [[Greek language|Greek]]-[[Latin language|Latin]] diglot
| date = c. 550
| found = [[Clermont-Ferrand|Clermont]] (purchased by [[Theodore Beza]])
| now at= [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]]
| cite =
| size = 24.5cm x 19.5cm
| type = [[Western text-type]]
| cat = II
| hand =
| note = includes extra-canonical material
}}
'''Codex Claromontanus''', symbolized by '''Dp''' or '''06''' (in the [[Biblical manuscript#Gregory-Aland|Gregory-Aland]] numbering), δ 1026 ([[Biblical manuscript#Von Soden|von Soden]]), is a Greek-Latin diglot [[uncial]] [[manuscript]] of the [[New Testament]], written in an [[uncial]] hand on [[vellum]]. The Greek and Latin text are on facing pages.<ref>Thus it is a "''diglot''" manuscript, like [[Codex Bezae|Codex Bezae Cantabrigiensis]].</ref> The Latin text is designated by ''d'' (traditional system) or by 75 in Beuron system.

== Description ==
The codex contains the [[Pauline epistles]] on 533 leaves, {{convert|24.5|cm|0|abbr=on}} by {{convert|19.5|cm|0|abbr=on}}. The text is written in one column per page, 21 lines per page.<ref name = Aland/><ref name = INTF>{{Cite web |url=http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/ListeHandschriften.php?ObjID=20006 |title=Liste Handschriften |publisher=Institute for New Testament Textual Research |accessdate=16 March 2013 |location=Münster}}</ref> At least 9 different correctors worked on this codex. The fourth corrector, from the 9th century, added accents and breathings.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Metzger |first1=Bruce M. |authorlink1=Bruce M. Metzger |last2=Ehrman |first2=Bart D. |authorlink2=Bart D. Ehrman |title=The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration | edition = 4 |year=2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York – Oxford |url= |isbn=978-0-19-516122-9 |pages= 74–75}}</ref>

The codex is dated [[Palaeography|palaeographically]] to the 5th or 6th century.<ref name=Aland>{{Cite book
| last = Aland
| first = Kurt
| authorlink = Kurt Aland
| coauthors = [[Barbara Aland]]; Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.)
| title = The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism
| publisher = [[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]
| year = 1995
| location = Grand Rapids
| page = 110
| url =
| doi =
| id =
| isbn = 978-0-8028-4098-1}} and [[David C. Parker|D. C. Parker]], ''An Introduction to the New Testament Manuscripts and their Texts'' (Cambridge University Press, 2008), p. 259.</ref>

The ''Codex Claromontanus'' contains further precious documents:

* A [[stichometry|stichometric]] catalogue of the Old Testament and New Testament canon, of uncertain date, has been inserted in the codex. The list omits ''Philippians'', ''1'' and ''2 Thessalonians'', and ''Hebrews''. It includes several works no longer considered canonical: ''[[Epistle of Barnabas]]'', ''[[The Shepherd of Hermas]]'', ''[[Acts of Paul]]'', and ''[[Revelation of Peter]]''.<ref>[http://www.bible-researcher.com/claromontanus.html Bible Research: Codex Claromontanus (about A.D. 400)].</ref>

* Two [[palimpsest]] leaves (nos. 162 and 163) are overwritten on fragments of the ''Phaethon'' of [[Euripides]], faintly legible under the Christian text. They have been detached from the codex and in the [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] are designated Cod. Gr. 107 B.<ref name = Aland/><ref>[http://www.islamic-awareness.org/Bible/Text/Mss/claromontanus.html Codex Claromontanus]</ref>

== Text ==
The Greek text of this [[codex]] is highly valued by critics as representing an early form of the text in the [[Western text-type]], characterized by frequent interpolations and, to a lesser extent, interpretive revisions presented as corrections to this text. Modern critical editions of the New Testament texts are produced by an [[Textual criticism|eclectic method]], where the preferred reading is determined on a case-by-case basis, from among numerous variants offered by the early manuscripts and versions.

[[File:Codex claromontanus greek.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Romans 7:4-7]]
In this process, ''Claromontanus'' is often employed as a sort of "outside mediator" in collating the more closely related, that is mutually dependent, codices containing the Pauline epistles: [[Codex Alexandrinus]], [[Codex Vaticanus]], [[Codex Sinaiticus]], and [[Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus]]. In a similar way, [[Codex Bezae|Codex Bezae Cantabrigiensis]] is used in establishing the history of texts of the [[Gospels]] and ''[[Acts of the Apostles|Acts]]''.

[[Kurt Aland]] placed the text of the codex in [[Categories of New Testament manuscripts#Category II|Category II]].<ref name = Aland/>

In Romans 1:8 it has textual variant περι (along with א A B C [[Codex Mosquensis I|K]] 33 81 1506 1739 1881), but corrector changed into υπερ, as in G Ψ Byz.<ref>NA26, p. 409.</ref>

In Romans 8:1 it reads Ιησου (as א, B, [[Codex Boernerianus|G]], [[Minuscule 1739|1739]], 1881, itd, g, copsa, bo, eth); corrector b changed it into Ιησου κατα σαρκα περιπατουσιν (as [[Codex Alexandrinus|A]], [[Codex Athous Lavrensis|Ψ]], [[Minuscule 81|81]], [[Minuscule 629|629]], 2127, vg); corrector c changed it into Ιησου μη κατα σαρκα περιπατουσιν αλλα κατα πνευμα (as אc, [[Codex Mosquensis I|K]], [[Codex Porphyrianus|P]], [[Minuscule 33|33]], [[Minuscule 88|88]], [[Minuscule 104|104]], [[Minuscule 181|181]], [[Minuscule 326|326]], [[Minuscule 330|330]], ([[Minuscule 436|436]] omit μη), [[Minuscule 456|456]], [[Minuscule 614|614]], [[Minuscule 630|630]], [[Minuscule 1241|1241]], 1877, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect).<ref>UBS3, p. 548. </ref>

In Romans 12:11 it reads καιρω for κυριω, the reading of the manuscript is supported by [[Codex Augiensis]], [[Codex Boernerianus]] [[Minuscule 5|5]] it d,g, [[Origen]]lat. The second corrector changed it into κυριω.<ref>UBS3, p. 564. </ref>

In Romans 15:31 it reads δωροφορια for διακονια; the reading is supported by [[Codex Vaticanus]] and [[Codex Boernerianus]] (Greek column).<ref>UBS3, p. 573. </ref>

In 1 Corinthians 7:5 it reads τη προσευχη (''prayer'') along with [[Papyrus 11|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math>11]], [[Papyrus 46|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math>46]], א*, A, [[Codex Vaticanus|B]], C, D, G, P, Ψ, 33, 81, [[Minuscule 104|104]], [[Minuscule 181|181]], 629, 630, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, it vg, cop, arm, eth. Other manuscripts read τη νηστεια και τη προσευχη (''fasting and prayer'') or τη προσευχη και νηστεια (''prayer and fasting'').<ref>UBS3, p. 591. </ref>

The section 1 Corinthians 14:34-35 is placed after 1 Cor 14:40, just like other manuscripts of the Western text-type ([[Codex Augiensis|Augiensis]], [[Codex Boernerianus|Boernerianus]], [[Minuscule 88|88]], itd, g, and some manuscripts of Vulgate).<ref>NA26, p. 466.</ref><ref>[[Bruce M. Metzger]], ''A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament'' ([[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]: Stuttgart, 2001), pp. 499-500.</ref>

In 1 Timothy 3:1 it reads ανθρωπινος (''human'' '''or''' ''of a man'') — itb,d,g,m,mon Ambrosiaster Jeromemss [[Augustine of Hippo|Augustine]] Speculum; majority has πιστος (''faithful'').<ref>UBS3, p. 722. </ref>

[[File:Greek-Latin manuscripts of the Pauline epistles.png|thumb|right|330px|Relationship between Greek-Latin manuscripts of the NT in the Pauline epistles (06 - Claromontanus, 010 - Augiensis, 012 - Boernerianus, 0319 - Sangermanensis, 0320 - Waldeccensis)]]

== History ==
[[File:Claromontanus 2 greek.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Epistle to the Colossians]]
The Codex is preserved at the [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] (Gr. 107), at Paris.<ref>BN shelfmark Gr. 107 AB.</ref> The order of the epistles to the [[Colossians]] and [[Philippians]] have exchanged places; the Epistle to the Hebrews follows after that to [[Epistle to Philemon|Philemon]]. The text is written [[Colon (rhetoric)|colometrically]].

It was named by the [[Calvinist]] scholar [[Theodore Beza]] because he procured it in the town of [[Clermont, Oise|Clermont-en-Beauvaisis]], [[Oise]], in the [[Picardy (region)|Picardy]] region north of [[Paris]]. Beza was the first to examine it, and he included notes of some of its readings in his editions of the [[New Testament]]. The later history of its use by editors of the Greek New Testament can be found in the links and references.

The manuscript was examined by [[Johann Jakob Griesbach]]<ref>J. J. Griesbach, [http://books.google.pl/books?id=PqcUAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Symbolae criticae ad supplendas et corrigendas variarum N. T. lectionum collectiones''] (Halle, 1793), pp. 31-77.</ref> and [[Constantin von Tischendorf]], who edited the Greek text of the codex. [[Paul Sabatier]] edited the Latin text of the codex.

[[Johann Gottfried Jakob Hermann]] published in 1821 the palimpsest text of the leaves 162-163.

== See also ==
* [[Codex Sangermanensis]]
* [[Uncial 0320]]
* [[List of New Testament uncials]]
* [[List of New Testament Latin manuscripts]]
* [[Textual criticism]]
{{Portal|Bible}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{refbegin}}
{{refend}}

== Further reading ==
* [[Alexander Souter]], [http://www.archive.org/stream/journaltheologi04unkngoog#page/n262/mode/2up ''The Original Home of Codex Claromontanus (D Paul)''], [[Journal of Theological Studies|JTS]] VI (1904-1905), pp. 240-243.
* {{Cite book | author = Bruce M. Metzger | authorlink = Bruce M. Metzger | title = The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration | year = 1968 | edition = 1 | publisher = Oxford University Press | pages = 49–51}}
* Trobisch, David, [http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=91 ''The Oldest Extant Editions of the Letters of Paul'' 1999] (e-text online).
* Berschin, Walter, [http://www.myriobiblos.gr/texts/english/Walter_Berschin_16.html "Greek Manuscripts in Western Libraries"] ch. 6 of ''Greek Letters and the Latin Middle Ages: From Jerome to Nicholas of Cusa'': diglot mss in the West.
* {{Cite book
| last = Gregory
| first = Caspar René
| authorlink = Caspar René Gregory
| title = Textkritik des Neuen Testaments
| year = 1900
| publisher = Hinrichs
| location = Leipzig
| volume = 1
| pages = 105–109
| url = http://www.archive.org/stream/textkritikdesne00greggoog#page/n117/mode/2up
| isbn =
}}
* [http://www.archive.org/stream/facsimilsdeman00bibluoft#page/5/mode/2up ''Fac-similés de manuscrits grecs, latins et français du 5e au 14e siècle, exposés dans la Galerie Mazarine''] (Paris 1900), Plates III, IV.

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* The Bibliothèque nationale de France has all the images of [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84683111 Codex Claromontanus online]
* R. Waltz, [http://www.skypoint.com/members/waltzmn/ManuscriptsUncials.html#uDp Codex Claromontanus D (06)], Encyclopedia of New Testament Textual Criticism
* [http://www.bible-researcher.com/codex-d2.html Michael D. Marlowe, Bible Research]: Codex Claromontanus
* [http://www.bible-researcher.com/claromontanus.html Stichometric list in Codex Claromontanus (about A.D. 400)]: Catalogus Claromontanus
* [http://www.lemercuredegaillon.net/gaillon27/codex_bezae.htm Codex Bezae and Codex Claromontanus] {{fr icon}}

[[Category:Greek New Testament uncials|Claromontanus]]
[[Category:Old Latin New Testament manuscripts]]
[[Category:6th-century biblical manuscripts]]
[[Category:Bibliothèque nationale de France collections]]

{{Link GA|pl}}

formulasearchengine - User contributions [en]

Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy